THE ORIGIN AND FATE OF THE UNIVERSE The

THE ORIGIN AND FATE OF THE UNIVERSE

The Scale of the Universe • The solar system (see illustration)

The Scale of the Universe • Nearby Star systems (see illustration)

The Scale of the Universe • Galaxies – spiral galaxies (the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxies) • the arms • the central bulge • the halo and globular clusters

The Scale of the Universe (cont. ) • Galaxies – irregular galaxies – elliptical galaxies

Large Magellinic Cloud, irregular galaxy M 84 Elliptical Galaxy

The Scale of the Universe (cont. ) • The Local Cluster or Group (see illustration)

The Scale of the Universe (cont. ) • Super clusters (see illustration)

The Scale of the Universe (cont. ) • The Universe (see illustration)

Newton’s Model • Infinite and static • Olber’s paradox

Evidence of Expansion • Hubble’s law – doppler shift – recession velocity Vs. distance

Evidence of Expansion • Background radiation – doppler shift

The Creation of the Universe • The big bang – time line • 10 -43 s • 10 -35 s - 10 -24 s • 10 -12 s • 10 -6 s • 2 s • 3 minutes • 300, 000 years

The Creation of the Universe • The big bang – the laws of physics – where – when

The Fate of the Universe • Critical mass / density

The Fate of the Universe • Curvature of space – open (saddle or negative curvature) – critical (flat or no curvature) – closed (spherical or positive curvature)

Some say the world will end in fire. Some say ice. From what I’ve tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if I had to perish twice I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice.