The Operating System and Utility Programs ITSC 1401

The Operating System and Utility Programs ITSC 1401, Intro to Computers Instructor: Glenda H. Easter Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8

Learning Objectives n n Identify the various types of system software Differentiate between an operating system and utility program Describe the features of operating systems Describe the functions of an operating system Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 2

Learning Objectives n n n Identify and briefly describe popular operating systems used today Explain the startup process for a personal computer Discuss the purpose of the following utilities: viewer, file compression, diagnostic, disk scanner, defragmenter, uninstaller, backup, antivirus, and screen saver Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 3

System Software n Operating Systems (OS) The Computer’s Traffic Cop n System Utilities Tools for Housekeeping Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 4

Operating Systems n A set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all activities among hardware resources n n Allows you to run applications software Memory-resident Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 5

Managing Resources n n Operating systems don’t just manage the interaction of components. In a multi-user system, the operating system controls who has access to what and how much of it. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 6

System Software Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 7

The operating system acts as an intermediary between the software and the hardware. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 8

System Software n n n DOS MS Windows 3. 1 GUI MS Windows 95 Macintosh System 7. 5 UNIX Other Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 9

Resident Programs- versus Transient Programs n Resident or Supervisory Programs remain in the primary storage all the time. n n The supervisory program for MS-DOS is Command. Com. Transient Programs are loaded into the primary storage as they are needed. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 10

Operating Systems n User interfaces n Command-line interface n Command n language Graphical user interface (GUI) n Menus n Icons n User Friendly n Browser-like features Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 11

System Software Functions User n Programs n Application Programs Word Processing n Manages Resources n Systems Programs On RAM n Off Supervisor Transient n Multitasking Multithreading Hardware Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 12

User Interface • Types of User Interface • • command-line menu driven graphical user interface (GUIs) User Interface functions • • gain access (log on) start (launch) manage disks and files shut down safely Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 13

Communicating between the User and the Operating System n Command-line interfaces allow users to write short programs called batch files, scripts, or macros depending on the system. Software user interface describes in detail the rules and conventions by which the program will communicate with people using it. n User interface is a set of rules and conventions by which a person communicates with the system. n Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 14

Graphical User Interface 15

Windows 98 Features the Active Desktop A single user interface allows a user to browse the Internet and the local computer resources. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 16

Most people like icons because it’s easy to understand them and remember what they do. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 17

Graphical User Interface (GUI) • GUI (pronounced “gooey”) Uses graphics (icons) to represent commands and programs which are chosen using a mouse. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 18

An Icon • An icon is a graphic that represents printers, fonts, document files, folders, and so on. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 19

DOS Uses a Command-Line Interface 20

Functions of the Operating System n n Provides the instruction to display the on-screen elements with which you interact. Loads programs into the computer’s memory so that you can use them. Coordinates how programs work with the CPU, RAM, keyboard, mouse, printer, and other hardware as well as with other software. Manages the way information is stored on and retrieved from disks. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 21

Functions of an Operating Systems n Functions of an Operating System n Memory management - optimize use of random access memory (RAM) n Buffer n Virtual memory (VM) n Pages and paging n Spooling print jobs n Jobs placed in a buffer before sent to a printer Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 22

Functions of an Operating Systems Spooling Print Jobs Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 23

Virtual Memory Management Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 24

Functions of an Operating Systems (Continued) n Functions of an Operating System n Configuring devices n Device drivers n When you add a new device, a driver also must be present n Plug and Play n Interrupt request (IRQ) Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 25

Plug and Play Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 26

Interrupt Request (IRQ) • Interrupt Request (IRQ) is used by the operating system to send requests to use memory and other hardware devices attached to the computer system. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 27

Interrupt and Request Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 28

Functions of an Operating Systems n Functions of an Operating System n Monitoring system performance n Performance monitoring software Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 29

Performance Monitors When working with minicomputers, and larger, it is important to monitor performance. n Cost and high maximum performance is critical to the system. n Response Time measures how long the computer takes to fulfill a user’s request. n Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 30

Monitoring System Performance Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 31

Functions of an Operating System (Continued) n Functions of an Operating System n Administering security n Logging n n on User ID Password Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 32

Administering Security 33

Functions of an Operating System n Managing storage media and files n File n n manager program Formatting and copying disks Displaying lists of files Checking the amount of used and free space Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 34

Windows Explorer (File Management Program) Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 35

Files Can Be Managed With Windows Explorer Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 36

A Hierarchical File System Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 37

Popular Operating Systems (Continued) n MS-DOS n n The operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation for the IBM PC and all IBM-compatible for person computers. DOS stands for Disk Operating Systems n n n Several versions Command-line and menu-driven Windows 3. x n n Operating environment Graphical user interface Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 38

Popular Operating Systems (Continued) n Windows 95 n n True multitasking operating system Improved graphical interface Supports networking, Plug and Play technology, longer file names, and e-mail Windows NT Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 39

Popular Operating Systems (Continued) n Windows 98 n n Upgrade to Windows 95 Includes Microsoft Internet Explorer Better Internet and multimedia support New features Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 40

Windows 98 Features 41

Popular Operating Systems (Continued) n Windows 2000 n n Upgrade to Windows 98 and Windows NT Graphical user interface Windows 2000 Server Family Windows 2000 Professional Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 42

Popular Operating Systems (Continued) n Windows Millennium n n Designed for home users Upgrade from Windows 98 Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 43

Popular Operating Systems (Continued) n Windows CE n n n Designed for use on wireless communications devices and smaller computers Graphical user interface Auto PC n Voice commands Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 44

Auto PC 45

Popular Operating Systems (Continued) n Palm OS n n n Runs on many devices Mobile computing PIM software Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 46

Popular Operating Systems (Continued) n Mac OS n n Released in 1984 with the Macintosh Can open, edit, and save files created in Windows and DOS Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 47

Macintosh Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 48

Popular Operating Systems (Continued) n UNIX n n n Multi-user and multitasking Many versions available Command-line interface Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 49

Popular Operating Systems (Continued) n OS/2 n n n From IBM Graphical user interface Multitasking Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 50

Popular Operating Systems (Continued) n Linux n n n Free Open-source software Gaining in popularity Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 51

Popular Operating Systems (Continued) n Net. Ware n n n Widely used network operating system Server portion resides on network server Client portion resides on each client computer Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 52

System Software Functions User n Controls Input/Output n Application Programs Word Processing Systems Programs n BIOS Communications n User Interface (command interpreter) On RAM Off Hardware Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 53

Controlling Input and Output Processes n I/O (Input/Output Devices) n n n May require either occasional attention to instruct them on their next step of operations In between they will transfer data directly to or from memory. Device Drivers are system software components that allow the operating system to control a device. n They are separate pieces of software, usually produced by the hardware manufacturer of the device. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 54

Starting a Computer n Booting n n n Cold boot Warm boot (warm start) (Alt/Ctrl/Delete) Boot information is displayed Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 55

Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 56

Starting a Computer n Boot steps n n n n Power supply sends a signal CPU resets and finds BIOS performs power-on self test (POST) POST results compared to CMOS BIOS finds boot program BOOT program loaded and run Operating system loads and finds hardware Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 57

Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 58

Starting A Computer n Boot disk n n n Used if hard disk will not boot Contains small set of operating system commands Can be created by a user Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 59

How to Create a Boot Disk in Windows 98 n n n From Start, select Control Panel. Next, select Add and Remove Hardware icon. Click up the Startup Disk Tab. Click the create button to create a startup disk. Follow the instructions on the screen. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 60

Creating a Boot Disk in Windows 98 Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 61

Utility Programs n A type of system software that performs a specific task, usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or it programs n n Built into operating system Stand-alone Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 62

Utilities Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 63

Utility Programs (Continued) n n n n n File viewer File compression utility Diagnostic utility Disk scanner Disk defragmenter Uninstaller Backup utility Antivirus Screen Savers Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 64

Utility Programs n n Don’t leave your users crying in their milk, beer, or whatever they drink. Let them know there are utility programs that can assist in restoring lost data, and there are utility programs for “screen savers” that prevent the destruction of their monitors from burn-in. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 65

In One Clean Swoop, It’s Gone n n There are special utility programs that help users maintain their composure when important data is suddenly wiped out. Many utility programs allow users to restore lost data or “fix” problems with their data files. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 66

Add/Remove Software 67

Scan Disk 68

Disk Defragmentation Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 69

Defragmenting the Hard Drive Can Make File Access Faster Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 70

Microsoft Backup Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 71

Screen Savers Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 72

O. L. E. (Object Linking and Embedding) • With OLE • Data is copied from one type of document and embedded into another. • The data that is copied retains a link with the original document. Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 73

Multitasking • Means being able to perform two or more procedures at the same time. • For example, performing the following tasks all simultaneously: • printing a multipage document • sending e-mail over the Internet • typing a letter Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 74

1 Multitasking 2 3 4 Operating Systems and Utility Programs, Chapter 8 75