The Oceanic Provinces 1 Neritic Province 2 Oceanic
- Slides: 53
The Oceanic Provinces 1. Neritic Province 2. Oceanic Province 1. 1. 3. 4. 3. Pelagic zone 4. Benthic zone 2. 2.
The Oceanic Provinces Epipelagic Mesopelagic Bathypelagic The Deep Sea
Epipelagic The ______ Zone Ø Ø Ø Lit by sunlight – Photic zone Enough light for photosynthesis Extends from the surface to 200 m (650 ft) Lack of habitat diversity Vast expanses of nutrient poor water l Epipelagic fish concentrated over continental shelves or areas of upwelling
Mesopelagic Zone The _____ “The Twilight Zone” • The upper regions are still light during the day, although not light enough for photosynthesis • Often called the twilight zone since its lower boundary at 1000 m (3300 ft. ) is perpetually dark • Many animals in this zone are bioluminescent
The Deep Sea: Bathypelagic, Abyssolpelagic, and Hadopelagic Zones • Receives no sunlight • Cold temperature Mesopelagic Zone The Deep Sea • High pressure • Low food availability
Organisms in the Epipelagic Ø Phytoplankton Ø Zooplankton Ø Nekton
What are these organisms? Phytoplankton Diatoms _______ • Important Primary Producers Dinoflagellates ________ • Red Tides
Zooplankton Chaetognaths or ? Arrow worms Copepods
Zooplankton Cnidarians – “True Jellyfish”
Zooplankton: Siphonophores Siphophores are colonies of polyps in Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoa Velella By-the-wind sailor Portuguese man-of-war Physalia
Zooplankton Larvacean in Mucus House Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Urochordata
Planktivorous Nekton Filter feeding epipelagic fishes have long fine gill rakers
Planktivorous Nekton Baleen The Blue Whale – A _____Whale
Planktivorous Nekton • The largest of all fishes • Up to 18 m or 60 ft. • Filter feeders: Feed on plankton Whale Shark
Nekton Ø Strong Swimmers Ø Fishes, marine mammals, and squid Ø Turtles, sea snakes, and penguins Ø Mostly carnivorous
Carnivorous Nekton Albacore
Epipelagic Fishes: Oceanic Forms Sail Fish Blue Marlin Sword Fish
Adaptations of Epipelagic Fishes 1. Streamlined shape 2. Well developed lateral line 22. 3. Countershading 3. 1 Streamlined bodies that permit continuous and rapid swimming
The Mesopelagic Zone: Twilight Zone The Photic Zone The deep sea (Aphotic)
The Mesopelagic Mid-Water World Ø The Twilight Zone: No plant growth Ø Goals: Find food and avoid being eaten Ø Darker deeper levels l l Bioluminescence is the only light (blue light) Animals tend to be dark or red. These colors do not reflect blue light well
The Mesopelagic Ø Animals must adapt to low food supplies Ø Animals eat each other and/or detritus falling down from above Ø Some animals migrate to the surface at night to feed (Vertical Migrations)
The Deep Scattering layer Ø Small fish cause sonic pulses of radar to reflect off millions of swim bladders Ø Gives the impression of a false bottom
Adaptations of Mesopelagic Fishes Ø Vertical migrations Ø Tubular eyes that point upward. Binocular vision Ø Counter-illumination: ventrally placed photophores that produces light that breaks up the silhouette of the fish
Adaptations of Mesopelagic Fishes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Tubular eyes that point upward Binocular vision Counter-illumination Large mouths Small body size Vertical migrations Photophores
What are these? Photophores Plainfin Midshipman
Mesopelagic Fish: Lantern Fish These fish migrate vertically
Mesopelagic Fish: Bristlemouth Tubular Eyes that point upward
Hatchet Fish Mesopelagic Fish: _______ • These fish are about an inch long and are flattened from side to side. They are covered in highly reflective plates so they are like vertical mirrors. • A potential predator looking up from below would see them silhouetted against the dim light of the surface • They have a series of light organs on their belly that produces light that matches the intensity of the incoming natural light.
Hatchet Fish Viewed From Below Counter-illumination
A Mesopelagic Octopus Unlike most of its Relatives this species spends its entire life in the Mesopelagic. The opaque eyes and ink sac are the only pigmented parts of the body.
The Deep Sea Ø Constant Environment: Dark and Cold Ø No need for counter-shading or counter- illumination l Animals are red or black
The Deep Sea: Bathypelagic, Abyssopelagic, and Hadopelagic Zones The deep sea (Aphotic)
Angler Deep Sea ____ Fish Ø Bioluminescence to attract prey or mates Ø Small eyes Ø Ø What is this? A male angler fish attached to the female Ø Ø Weak, flabby muscles Swim bladder reduced or absent Large mouth Highly developed lateral line system
Bioluminescent lures mimic fecal matter and other debris that rain down from the surface. This marine snow is covered with glowing bacteria which is why a lure can be easily mistaken for dinner.
Adaptations of Bathypelagic Fishes 1. Large mouth and teeth 5. Flabby muscles 2. Small eyes 3. Lures 4. Reduced or absent swim bladder 6. Black color 3 4 5 2 1 6
A Relatively Small Oarfish
Deep Sea Fish: Viperfish The light organ on the dorsal fin serves as a Lure.
Viper Jaw Gape • Hinged Skull • Large Stomach
Collecting Deep Water Organisms Otter trawl almost onboard with otter boards clear of water “Cod-end” of trawl where the catch accumulates is about to be emptied onto the deck.
A Good Catch With the Otter Trawl
Monterey Canyon
6” Fang Toothed Fish Like many other fish form the dark mid-water realm, its body is dark so that it does not reflect the blue bioluminescence produced by potential predators
Search Lights • Most bioluminescence is blue so most deep sea animals have eyes that are sensitive to blue light. • Most deep sea animals are red or black because neither color reflects blue light well. • This wide mouth feeds on bright red shrimp. They find them using a light organ that emits red light which is reflected by red shrimp.
Two Distinctive Light Organs The small one emits “normal” blue light, the color of light that travels the furthest in deep water. The larger one produces deep red bioluminescence
The Tripod Fish Ø The spokes of its pectoral fins have evolved into crutches that lift the fish into the current
Deep Sea Fish: Gulper Eel • Lives at a depth of 10, 000 ft. • Can swallow fish bigger than itself by twisting and bending its jaw • Jaw takes up 25% of its body • Four feet long • Relies on lateral line system
The Abyssal Plain: The Benthos
The Abyssal Plain: The Benthos Ø Benthic organisms are constrained by a severe shortage of food Ø Deposit feeders are the most conspicuous animals in deep sea floor photographs
The Deep Sea Floor
Sea urchin on the deep sea floor
Echinoderms are the Dominant Organisms on the Deep Sea Floor Ø Sea Cucumbers Ø Brittle Stars Ø Sea Urchins Ø Other important organisms include: l l Polychaete worms Bivalve molluscs
- Neritic province
- Intertidal ocean zone
- Oceanic oceanic convergent boundaries
- Convergent oceanic oceanic plate boundary
- Facts about the neritic zone
- Neritic ecosystem
- Neritic zone biotic life
- Neritic zone
- Neritic zone
- Animals in neritic zone
- Grenville province geology
- Opole province excursions
- Kappa alpha psi southwestern province
- 5 physiographic provinces of virginia
- Province belgique
- Kappa psi southwest province
- Province del veneto
- Bali province
- Southwest province kappa psi
- Southwestern province
- Southwestern province kappa alpha psi
- Swp kappa alpha psi
- University of salerno italy
- Ridge and valley province
- Haven vs wilderness examples
- Flood basalts diagram
- Young man from the provinces archetype examples
- Conquered provinces resented aztec rule because the aztecs
- North canada provinces
- Law society of the northern provinces
- English speaking provinces in canada
- Young man from the provinces archetype
- Dangdang ay history
- Margins
- Kappa psi provinces
- Provinces of lombardy
- Flood basalt provinces diagram
- Haven vs wilderness examples
- Large low-shear velocity provinces
- Precision depth recorder
- Canadian shield
- V. c c
- 101012 bằng
- Chúa sống lại
- Tỉ lệ cơ thể trẻ em
- Hổ đẻ mỗi lứa mấy con
- đại từ thay thế
- Vẽ hình chiếu vuông góc của vật thể sau
- Quá trình desamine hóa có thể tạo ra
- Công thức tính độ biến thiên đông lượng
- Hát kết hợp bộ gõ cơ thể
- Thế nào là mạng điện lắp đặt kiểu nổi
- Lời thề hippocrates
- Các loại đột biến cấu trúc nhiễm sắc thể