The Notion of Country Study The Notion of

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The Notion of Country Study

The Notion of Country Study

The Notion of Country Study (CS) • Introduction • CS as a branch of

The Notion of Country Study (CS) • Introduction • CS as a branch of Linguistics • The ties of CS with other branches of Linguistics • The history of CS • The main terms of CS

Introduction • Peculiarities of communication in the English-speaking society • Background vocabulary (the specific

Introduction • Peculiarities of communication in the English-speaking society • Background vocabulary (the specific layer of the language) and realia of the ESworld • Communicative behaviour • Linguistic and extra linguistic means of proper interaction with native speakers • Ease the process of translation

Introduction • Vocabulary items which require special explanation and • Reflect peculiar rites, customs,

Introduction • Vocabulary items which require special explanation and • Reflect peculiar rites, customs, mode of life, historic events, geographical relief, national character, national cuisine • Typical non-verbal signs, etiquette • Spheres of nationally marked vocabulary concentration

Country Study as a Branch of Linguistics CS investigates • specifically national phenomena reflected

Country Study as a Branch of Linguistics CS investigates • specifically national phenomena reflected in the language • How the word and its meaning reflect the life of the people (history, geography, culture) • A word is an accumulation of the knowledge about the lingual-cultural community • The lingual-cultural community is a group of people who live on the same territory, speak the same language, and are united by the same religion, common culture, history and mode of life

The Main Task of CS • To demonstrate how the history, geography, culture, traditions

The Main Task of CS • To demonstrate how the history, geography, culture, traditions and customs, the way of life are reflected in the meaning of the words, word-combinations, phraseological units, clichés, proverbs and sayings

The Main Task of CS To enable learners to understand • the meaning of

The Main Task of CS To enable learners to understand • the meaning of the words denoting phenomena absent from the life of their own community (clotted cream, сопілка) • The phenomena which have a different meaning in Ukrainian community (soul душа)

The Ties of CS with Other Branches of Linguistics • Cultural Studies (analyse the

The Ties of CS with Other Branches of Linguistics • Cultural Studies (analyse the reflection of culture and national mentality in the language) • Sociolinguistics (relations between the language and the society it serves) • Ethnolinguistics (folk stereotypes and folk picture of the world of a given nation) • Ethnic psychology (elements of behaviour connected with ethnic traditions and norms) • CS uses achievements of the branches mentioned to characterize and classify background vocab in a given language

The History of CS • The 60 -s of the 20 th century in

The History of CS • The 60 -s of the 20 th century in the former USSR • To teach foreign students the peculiarities of Soviet life fixed in the Russian language (komsomol, piatiletka, наводить грустные /веселые мысли) • Cultural component of the word meaning fixes definite social background in which the word exists

The History of CS • Successful communication – knowledge of the phenomena of the

The History of CS • Successful communication – knowledge of the phenomena of the society in which communication takes place = background knowledge (you can ask for a drink at the drug store in the US but not in U) • E. M. Vereshchagin and V. G. Kostomarov, the founders of CS (background knowledge = the main object of CS)

The Main Terms of CS • Cultural connotative vocabulary (words that have national cultural

The Main Terms of CS • Cultural connotative vocabulary (words that have national cultural components in their meaning, e. g. рушник)=background vocabulary – no equivalents in other languages (town house)

The Main Terms of CS • Unique words, found only in the life of

The Main Terms of CS • Unique words, found only in the life of a definite community, cannot be translated into other languages, should be explained = the subject of CS • Background knowledge – closely connected with culture, history and way of life in the society and reflects its characteristic features (a Peachtree Center - Georgia)

The Main Terms of CS • Background knowledge – native speaker – family, school,

The Main Terms of CS • Background knowledge – native speaker – family, school, peer groups – language acquisition • Background knowledge – a foreign language learner – specially taught – CS object • Background knowledge –a component of word meaning (not only a notion name but also knowledge about the world) (Black) Monday, Mondayish

The Main Terms of CS Presupposition – preliminary knowledge the interlocutors have before communication

The Main Terms of CS Presupposition – preliminary knowledge the interlocutors have before communication about: • formal/informal situation of communication • Speakers’ higher/lower status • Verbal/non-verbal peculiarities

The Main Terms of CS • BGK – your orientation in the historical, geographical,

The Main Terms of CS • BGK – your orientation in the historical, geographical, cultural peculiarities of the community your partner belongs to • Communicative competence – skills to define who and what your partner is and how to communicate with him/her • long distance – little contact – difficult to understand - realia

The Main Terms of CS • Realia – the names of things and phenomena

The Main Terms of CS • Realia – the names of things and phenomena (material culture, facts of history, state institutions, names of national heroes etc) which are present only in the life of a definite community (prairie – heath – степ, Vegemite) • Realia – no equivalents, a part of BGK, have a peculiar national colouring, translated with the help of explanation, description or neologisms