The Northern Renaissance The Northern Renaissance Spreads to

The Northern Renaissance

The Northern Renaissance • Spreads to Spain, France, England, then the Low Countries. , and the German States. • Very literary- spurred by the Printing press. (1439, Johannes Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany)

French Invasions of Italy • Habsburg–Valois Wars, were a long series of wars fought between 1494 and 1559 in Italy during the Renaissance. • Lorenzo the Magnificent had signed a treaty in 1452 between Florence, the Sforza in Milan, and the King of Aragon who held Naples. • When that fell apart in 1494, the French saw their opportunity to horn in on the disorder and started to invade all the territories. Push and pull led to Ferdinand of Aragon from Spain getting involved, and a series of French kings refusing to give up despite different popes, different Spanish and Austrian rulers fighting back.

Why do they keep going back? • One of the things that kept France fighting despite being defeated repeatedly was their fear of a unified Austria and Spain under the marriage of Juanna of Spain and Philip Hapsburg of Austria. • Their son, Charles I/V inherited all of this area and they were terrified.

Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis • 1559 final peace treaty when Charles V abdicated and split his dominions between his son, Philip II and brother, Maximillian. • In the end, the French and the Spanish had spent all their money, France had won no land, and Rome had been sacked by mercenaries from Germany hired by the French. • BUT- the French were exposed to the Renaissance.

Leonardo Da. Vinci • Francis I was so impressed while he was sacking Italy that he hired Da. Vinci to come to his court in France. • Look up Da. Vinci in France and tell me what he brought with him when he moved to France? • Where did he live while he was in France?

English Renaissance • The English Renaissance is different because it focused more on literature. • It also started much later. It didn’t get going really well until 1500 -1640 ish. • It doesn’t include as much amazing painting, but there were some. Hans Holbein the Younger, court painter for Henry VIII.

Writers • Look up the English Renaissance and tell me who some of the most important authors were.

The Low Countries and German States • The Netherlands was so big in trading that they got a huge dose of influence from Italy. • The art there had a few distinguishing characteristics • G-d is your judge • Objects in nature • Traditional everyday life of common people • Great attention to detail, and no effort to beautify people- painted “warts and all”.

Jan Van Eyck 1395 -1441 • Father of oil painting • Insane amount of detail- this is the Arnolfini Portrait. • Check out the way he portrays light, the details in the mirror, and the shading.

Ghent Altarpiece

Albrecht Dürer (1471 – 1528)

Hieronymous Bosch 1450 -1516

Rembrandt von Rijn 1606 -1669 • Considered one of the greatest artists in Western History and greatest Dutch painter. • Known for portraiture and Bible scenes. This one is called “the Anatomy Lesson”.

The Night Watch 1642 Storm on the Sea of Galilee 1633 Look up Storm on the Sea of Galilee and find out what happened to it…