The New Nation George Washington Elected 1789 created

The New Nation

George Washington Elected 1789 - created the first Cabinet o. Department of State- Thomas Jefferson o. Department of War- Henry Knox o. Department of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton • Judiciary Act of 1789 Supreme Court, District Court, Circuit Court

Hamilton vs. Jefferson Hamilton Federalist (Strong national Gov’t) Jefferson Anti- Federalist ( Strong state gov’t) Hamilton proposes selling gov’t bonds to pay off Am. Rev. war debts proposes creating Bank of the US (BUS) S. angry b/c most had already paid off debts Hamilton has a “loose construction” of Constitution to justify financial programs Jefferson opposes Hamilton’s plans “strict construction” of Const. Congress passed Hamilton’s measures, but compromised southerners would get to have the US capital b/t VA & MD

Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson

The Whiskey Rebellion and a Two Party System Whiskey was a cheap/easy way for back country farmers to make money Hamilton imposes a tax, or tariff, for making or selling “extra” whiskey Farmers refused to pay= rebellion Washington personally escorts large army to put down insurrection WR and Hamilton/Jefferson debate divide congress Political Parties Hamilton: Federalist Jefferson: Democrat-Republican

Foreign Policy GB settlers still west of App Mtns. --> giving NA weapons to resist US expansion Battle of Fallen Timbers- US takes complete control of Ohio Treaty of Greenville John Jay signs treaty with GB to give up forts on US soil- 1794 Jay Treaty French Revolution- US must decide whether to support or not Dem-Rep (Jefferson) supported Fr. Nationals; Federalists (Hamilton) opposed Washington stays neutral US also wants shipping rights on Mississippi Spain owns Thomas Pinckney signs treaty with Spain allowing US trade

Washington to Adams Washington does not seek 3 rd term Gives famous Farewell Address Will not run for a 3 rd term o. Steer clear of entangling alliances with other nations o. Warns citizens not to create factions (political parties) Sectionalism grows- taking sides based on region o. Feds- John Adams (N) Dem-Rep- Thomas Jefferson (S) Adams wins, but must avoid war with France and GB French upset about Jay’s Treaty with GB and seizes US ships (impressment) XYZ Affair- FR. Pres. refuses to talk to US about probs, instead sends 3 reps (XYZ) to US demanding money in order to see Fr. President Congress passes Alien and Sedition Acts- can arrest and deport anyone who criticizes gov’t Jefferson and Madison (D-R) felt acts violated 1 st Am. Virginia and Kentucky passed resolutions to nullify Alien and

Election of 1800 Jefferson (DR) vs. Adams (F) Jefferson beat Adams, but tied with VP candidate Aaron Burr H of Reps. had to decide tie, Hamilton convinced Congress to vote for Jefferson Burr killed Hamilton in a duel

The Revolution of 1800 Thomas Jefferson becomes 3 rd Pres. without conflict Cut nat’l debt and streamlined gov’t Appoints John Marshall as Chief Justice of SC Federalist Marbury v. Madison As John Adams left office, he appointed numerous Federalist “midnight judges” to various courts William Marbury, one of the judges, was denied his job by James Madison, Sec. of State Marbury sued, John Marshall declared judicial review right of SC to declare a federal law unconstituitonal Marbury lost, Marshall decision proves nat’l gov’t is powerful

Louisiana Purchase-1803 Jefferson eyes LA territory (owned by Spain) for US settlement In a secret deal, Spain traded territory to France’s Napoleon Bonaparte Jefferson bought the land for $15 million, Bonaparte needed the money for a war he was fighting with GB Constitution did not authorize the purchase Lewis and Clark Expedition Sacajawea

The War of 1812 Desperate British navy begins impressing (kidnapping and forcing) US navy sailors to work on their ships Jefferson issues an embargo (stopping trade) against GB Embargo hurt US more than GB James Madison becomes president in 1808

War of 1812 continued… Problems in West Tecumseh tries to resist US expansion William Henry Harrison destroyed Tecumseh army at Battle of Tippecanoe War Hawks (young congressman) pushed for war with GB blamed GB for probs with NA US invades Canada first, but failed US navy did well on Great Lakes 1814 - GB invades US and burns White House Francis Scott Key writes “Star Spangled Banner”

Battle of New Orleans • Andrew Jackson wins Battle of New Orleans • Treaty of Ghent Peace treaty ends war with GB • War proved US needs a strong army, but showed world US could stand up for itself • Adams-Onis Treaty: US gains rights to Florida from Spain