The New Golf Croquet Rules Main changes between

The New Golf Croquet Rules Main changes between Editions 4 and 5

GLOSSARY Boundary The inner edge of any boundary marking (see Rule 2. 2. 2). Error An irregularity that occurs when a player plays a wrong ball, commits a fault, is guilty of overlapping play or plays after play has been forestalled (see Rules 10 to 13). Jammed ball A ball that is found to touch both uprights of a hoop simultaneously on some axis (see Rule 9. 5). Loose impediment A small, moveable object on the court surface (see Rule 9. 6). Offside opponent The side opposing an offside owner (see Rule 8. 4. 1). Offside owner The side that owns an offside ball (see Rule 8. 4. 1).

Main changes in the New Golf Croquet Rules • Faults & Interference by a player • Playing a wrong ball • Interference (generally) • Offside Balls • Some other changes

Time Topic 10: 30 am – 10: 40 am Introduction 10: 40 am – 11: 30 am Rule 11 Faults, fault recognition & remedies 11: 30 am – 11: 45 am Short Break 11: 45 am – 12: 10 am Rule 10 Wrong Ball Play by the Striker’s Side 12: 10 am – 12: 30 am Rule 10 Playing a Wrong Ball: “Special Situations” 12: 30 am – 1: 00 pm Lunch 1: 00 pm – 1: 15 pm Interference 1: 15 am – 1: 30 pm Offside Balls 1: 30 pm – 1: 45 pm Other Changes 1: 45 pm – 2: 00 pm Questions Finish at 2: 00 pm Possible Outdoor Session

Rule 11 Faults

Faults • • • When does the striking period start? What happens with the balls? Do any balls that ran the hoop score a point? Which ball plays next? When is it too late too deal with a fault?

The Start of the Striking Period The striking period starts when a player takes a stance with apparent intent to play a stroke (and ends when they quit their stance under control)

Combine non-striking and striking faults by changing the start of the striking period F a ults Non-striking Faults By any player while attempting to play a shot By any player while not attempting to play a shot Striking Faults By the striker during the striking period

If outside the striking period or by a player not intending to play a stroke, treat as interference with no loss off turn F a ults Non-striking Faults By any player while attempting to play a shot By. Inany player while t rferen to not eattempting ce play a shot Striking Faults By the striker during the striking period

Some actions in the old list of striking faults have been dropped F a ults Non-striking Faults By any player while attempting to play a shot By. Inany player while t rferen to not eattempting ce play a shot Striking Faults By the striker during the striking period Not Fault 13(a) (2 & 3) Overlapping Play 13(a) (14)

Faults (Rule 11) Rule 11. 1 DEFINITION A fault is an act prohibited by Rule 11. 2 … committed by a player playing or intending to play a stroke during the striking period.

Stroke Since a fault is defined as a stroke played in a way a stroke shouldn't be played, we’ll say a few words about strokes

Stroke A stroke is played when: a) a player’s mallet contacts the ball they intended to play during the striking period, whether deliberately or accidentally; or b) a player commits a fault; or c) a player declares their stroke to have been played.

Stroke Committing a fault also constitutes playing a stroke with the ball the player intended to strike.

Stroke This deals with situations where while committing a fault, the player’s mallet • didn’t touch the ball he intended to play; or • touched a ball other than the one he intended to play The stroke is with the ball the player intended to play. But an air shot is still not a stroke unless a fault was committed. A declared stroke is a stroke with the ball nominated by the player.

Faults: What happens with the balls? As long as play is stopped in time because of the fault: • the non-offending side chooses whether the balls are left where they stopped or are replaced in the positions they occupied before the stroke was played

Faults: Does a ball that ran the hoop score a point? • If the non-offending side chooses to leave the balls where they stopped, then a point scored for the non-offending side counts • If balls are replaced, no point is scored for any ball

Faults: Which ball plays next? • Play then continues by the non-offending side playing the next ball in sequence

Faults: When is it too late too deal with a fault? Under the old rules it was too late only under condition (c): A stroke (whether valid or invalid) has been played by the non-offending side Under the new rules it is also too late if the offending side plays provided that the offending side was allowed to play a stroke at that point. For example, • • After replay because offside ball was played before being “directed” After some types of interference by a moving outside agency After a wrong ball play where Replace & Replay was chosen or compulsory When a player takes an extra stroke (legitimately)

Fault or Interference? Actions that were treated as non-striking faults, that will still be treated as faults are those that occur • during the striking period, and • by the player attempting to play the stroke Other actions that were treated as non-striking faults will now be treated as interference with a ball by a player with no loss of turn

During the striking period The player intending to Fault play the stroke Any player not intending Interference to play the stroke Outside the striking period Interference

Start of Striking Period Annulled If the player, having taken such a stance, quits it under control by clearly stepping away from the stance before playing a stroke or committing a fault the striking period is annulled and will not start again until the player takes a new stance with apparent intent to play a stroke

Deliberate Interference If a player deliberately interferes with a ball, then the rule covering “Behaviour” also applies* *Except if done when permitted (by the Rules or the opponent or referee)

Not deliberate Interference There is no penalty if a player stops a ball shortly before it goes out of bounds provided • it was clearly going to go out of bounds, and • the position of the ball, when replaced touching the boundary where it would have left the court, will have no tactical significance.

Types of Fault (Rule 11. 2) Slightly changed (because of new definition of the striking period) Was 13(a)(1): touches the head of the mallet with a hand (committed only if the mallet head is touched during the final forward swing of the mallet) Dropped Was 13(a)(2): rests the shaft of the mallet or a hand or arm on the ground or an outside agency Was 13(a)(3): rests the shaft of the mallet or a hand or arm directly connected with the stroke against any part of the legs or feet Moved Was 13(a)(14): plays before the previous turn ends Now under Overlapping Play

Types of Fault (Rule 11. 2) Essentially the same All other actions listed in the old rules under Striking Faults are “Faults”. “Clothes or personal property” is used where “clothes” was used previously. For court damage with a mallet, the word “significantly” has been added. To be a fault, damage must “capable of significantly affecting a subsequent stroke”. [I don’t know whether that implies a change in standard or is just a clarification of what was always intended. ]

For the examples, assume that Yellow has just played a valid stroke, so it is Blue’s turn to play (unless stated otherwise)

Fault-example 1 Owner of blue kicks* the red ball while walking towards his ball. Old rule: Non-striking fault New rule:

Fault-example 1 Interference not Fault Owner of blue kicks* the red ball while walking towards his ball. Old rule: Non-striking fault New rule: Not a fault (Interference)

Fault-example 1 Interference not Fault Owner of blue kicks* the red ball while walking towards his ball. Remedy: Red ball is replaced and play continues without penalty, unless the ball was kicked deliberately (in which case, Rule 16. 1 (Behaviour) also applies. To play: Blue

Fault-example 8 Owner of blue takes his stance to play his ball. He casts a few times and then walks back to stalk his ball again. As he walks back, he steps on the red ball which was a couple of yards behind him. Old rule: Non-striking fault New rule:

Fault-example 8 Interference not Fault Owner of blue takes his stance to play his ball. He casts a few times and then walks back to stalk his ball again. As he walks back, he steps on the red ball which was a couple of yards behind him. Old rule: Non-striking fault New rule: Not a fault (Interference)

Fault-example 8 Interference not Fault Owner of blue takes his stance to play his ball. He casts a few times and then walks back to stalk his ball again. As he walks back, he steps on the red ball which was a couple of yards behind him. Remedy: Red ball is replaced and play continues without penalty. To play: Blue

Fault-example 13 Owner of blue plays a stroke with his blue ball. After making contact with his ball, his mallet touches the black ball. The blue ball then bounces off the hoop and hits the owner of red on the foot before the striker has quit his stance. Old rule: Striking fault by blue, non-striking fault by red New rule:

Fault-example 13 Interference by red not Fault Owner of blue plays a stroke with his blue ball. After making contact with his ball, his mallet touches the black ball. The blue ball then bounces off the hoop and hits the owner of red on the foot before the striker has quit his stance. Old rule: Striking fault by blue, non-striking fault by red New rule: Fault by blue, not fault by red (Interference)

Fault-example 13 Interference by red not Fault Owner of blue plays a stroke with his blue ball. After making contact with his ball, his mallet touches the black ball. The blue ball then bounces off the hoop and hits the owner of red on the foot before the striker has quit his stance. Remedy: : Red&Yellow can chose to • Have both balls replaced (and ignore the interference); or • Apply 9. 2. 3(b) or 9. 2. 4(b), as appropriate. So, put blue where it would have stopped, other ball where it did stop. To play: Red

Fault-example 13 Fault by blue & Interference by red The owner of blue has committed a fault, and his ball has hit the owner of red. The owner of red has not committed a fault. It’s treated as accidental interference. The owners of Red&Yellow make the decisions. Note: The red ball was not involved Replace (interference ignored) Leave where stopped or would have stopped

Fault-example 3 Owner of blue takes his stance to play his ball and, while casting, accidentally touches the red ball. He does not make contact with the blue ball. Committing a fault also constitutes playing a stroke with the ball the player intended to strike, i. e. the blue ball. Failing to make contact with the blue would not have been a stroke if he had not committed the fault. If he had also made contact with his blue ball, the order of contact (blue/red or blue/red) would not matter in the new rules. Old rule: Non-striking fault New rule:

Fault-example 3 Fault Owner of blue takes his stance to play his ball and, while casting, accidentally touches the red ball. He does not make contact with the blue ball. Committing a fault also constitutes playing a stroke with the ball the player intended to strike, i. e. the blue ball. Failing to make contact with the blue would not have been a stroke if he had not committed the fault. If he had also made contact with his blue ball, the order of contact (blue/red or red/blue) would not matter in the new rules. Old rule: Non-striking fault New rule: Fault

Fault-example 3 Fault Owner of blue takes his stance to play his ball and, while casting, accidentally touches the red ball. He does not make contact with the blue ball. Remedy: Red&Yellow can choose to leave the red ball where it stopped or have it replaced. To play: Red

Fault-example 15 The red ball is in the jaws of the hoop (in a hoop running position). Blue tries to jump the red but does court damage* before making contact with his ball. The blue ball goes through the hoop but knocks the red ball through too. Old rule: Non-striking fault New rule:

Fault-example 15 Fault where opponent ball runs hoop The red ball is in the jaws of the hoop (in a hoop running position). Blue tries to jump the red but does court damage* before making contact with his ball. The blue ball goes through the hoop but knocks the red ball through too. Old rule: Non-striking fault New rule: Fault

Fault-example 15 Fault where opponent ball runs hoop The red ball is in the jaws of the hoop (in a hoop running position). Blue tries to jump the red but does court damage* before making contact with his ball. The blue ball goes through the hoop but knocks the red ball through too. Remedy: Red&Yellow can choose leave the blue and red balls where they stopped and score the hoop or have them replaced. To play: Red

Limit-of-Claims-example 1 The owner of blue plays the blue ball, and does court damage which was noticed at first. The ball looks like it might run the hoop but, before it does, it is knocked away by the moving green ball. The blue ball is replaced and played again. This time it does run the hoop. Play is stopped because the court damage in the previous stroke was then noticed. Is it too late to deal with the possible fault in the previous stroke? Old rule: Not too late to deal with the fault* New rule:

Limit-of-Claims-example 1 The owner of blue plays the blue ball, and does court damage which was noticed at first. The ball looks like it might run the hoop but, before it does, it is knocked away by the moving green ball. The blue ball is replaced and played again. This time it does run the hoop. Play is stopped because the court damage in the previous stroke was then noticed. Is it too late to deal with the possible fault in the previous stroke? Old rule: Not too late to deal with the fault* New rule: Too late to deal with the fault

Fault-example 19 Owner of blue has a hampered shot. When he plays his ball, he braces an arm by resting it against his thigh. Old rule: Striking fault New rule:

Fault-example 19 Not a Fault now Owner of blue has a hampered shot. When he plays his ball, he braces an arm by resting it against his thigh. Old rule: Striking fault New rule: Not a fault

Fault-example 20 Not a Fault now Owner of blue has a hampered shot and so plays it as a sweep shot (i. e. with the shaft of the mallet horizontal and close to the ground). He uses one hand as a pivot by resting it on the ground. Old rule: Striking fault New rule: Not a fault

Fault-example 21 Owner of blue plays his shot before the previous turn has ended, i. e. before balls moved by the previous stroke came to rest or left the court. Old rule: Striking fault or Rule 6(e) or 6(f)Striking New rule: Not a fault. However, there is a penalty. This situation is now covered by Rule 12

Fault-example 21 Dealt with by a different rule Owner of blue plays his shot before the previous turn has ended, i. e. before balls moved by the previous stroke came to rest or left the court. Old rule: Striking fault or Rule 6(e) or 6(f)Striking New rule: Not a fault. However, there is a penalty. This situation is now covered by Rule 12

Rule 10 Playing a Wrong Ball

Rule 1. 2 [Like old Rule 1(e)] The balls are played in the sequence blue, red, black and yellow*. At the end of each turn, after whichever ball was played in the last stroke, the next ball in the sequence is known as the striker's ball, and its owner is known as the striker. [This is subject to Rules 10 & 19]

Rule 10 Playing a Wrong Ball * The striker for the last stroke is the owner of the ball next in sequence after the ball played in the previous stroke ball unless • the last stroke was replayed by the same side under Rules 8 to 14, or • the last stroke was an extra stroke played under Rule 19. If the last stroke was played under those rules, the striker for that stroke is the player who should have played it. ** The partner ball is the ball that belongs to the striker’s side, but is not the striker's ball. *** Unless an official ruling is made to cover this unlikely situation, apply Rule 15. 3.

Playing a Wrong Ball The most common wrong ball play: Striker plays the partner ball in singles The non-offending side chooses whether to apply Replace-and-Replay or Ball-Swap

Replace and Replay Same as in the old rules • Any points scored are cancelled • All balls moved are replaced in the positions they occupied before the last stroke • The striker for the last stroke then replays that stroke with the striker’s ball.

Ball Swap • The last stroke is treated as valid except that Ø the positions of the ball played in the last stroke and its partner ball are swapped* • Non-offending side plays ball next in sequence after the ball that should have been played *A swapped ball takes the offside status of the ball with which it is swapped …

Wrong-Ball-example 1 Rule 10. 3. 1 When it was blue’s turn to play, the owner of blue went for the hoop with black and missed. Play is forestalled. Remedy: Red&Yellow can choose to (a) have the balls replaced an have the stroke replayed with the blue ball; or (b) Accept the stroke a valid except the position of the blue and black balls are swapped. Hoop scored? : If (a) No. To play: If (a) blue (a replay) If (b) (blue) If (b) red (next turn).

Wrong-Ball-example 1 Rule 10. 3. 1 The owner of blue went for the hoop with black and missed. Play is forestalled. (Singles or doubles). Remedy: Red&Yellow can choose to (a) have the balls replaced an have the stroke replayed with the blue ball; or (b) Accept the stroke a valid except the position of the blue and black balls are swapped. Hoop scored? : If (a) No. To play: If (a) blue (a replay) If (b) Hoop not run If (b) red (next turn).

Wrong-Ball-example 1 Rule 10. 3. 1 The owner of blue went for the hoop with black. Before swap After swap Red to play

Replace-&-Replay: • Balls are placed where they were before the stroke • No hoop scores for the wrong ball • The same side plays the next stroke Ball-Swap: • Balls are left where they stopped except the balls on the striker’s side swap positions • The stroke is treated as valid (so a hoop run scores) • The opposite side plays the next stroke

Wrong-Ball-example 1 Rule 10. 3. 1 The owner of blue went for the hoop with black. Before swap After swap Red to play After replace but before replay Blue to play

Why Ball Swap is a Good Rule • It overcomes a major problem with mandatory Replace-and-Replay when the first out-of-sequence play is noticed • When a ball is played out-of-sequence it jumps the queue • Unless noticed straight away, Replace & Replace fails to address the problem • The problem is that the first player to play out-of-sequence may get an unfair advantage • Swapping the balls changes the sequence in a way that nullifies that unfair advantage

Option of Replace & Replay or Ball Swap In addition to 1. The Striker plays the partner ball in singles the ball swap option also applies if 2. The Striker plays the partner ball in doubles, or 3. The Striker’s partner plays his own ball in doubles In all three cases • The striker’s side played the stroke, and • The ball played belonged to the striker’s side but was not the striker’s ball

Rule 3. 1 If the striker played the partner ball or the striker’s partner played his own ball, then the non-offending side chooses whether to apply Replace and Replay or Ball Swap

Rules 3. 2 and 3. 3 If the striker or striker’s partner played an opponent’s ball, or the striker’s partner played the striker’s ball then Replace and Replay applies (there is no ball-swap option)

Wrong Ball Rule in Brief If a wrong ball is played by the striker’s side*: • If the ball played belongs to the striker’s side but is not the striker’s ball: Choice of Replace&Replay or Ball-Swap • Otherwise Replace&Replay (no choice) Otherwise it’s one of the “Special Situations” *If discovered before the fifth turn, it’s also a “Special Situation”

Wrong ball play by the striker’s side Possibilities after a valid stroke in doubles Ball played Player Striker’s Partner Striker’s Ball Striker’s Partner Ball Not WB * * R&R/BS Opponent's Ball * R&R

Wrong ball play by the striker’s side Possibilities after a valid stroke in singles Ball played Player Striker’s Partner Striker’s Ball Striker’s Partner Ball Not WB * * R&R/BS Opponent's Ball * R&R

Forestalling (Rule 10. 1. 2 & 10. 1. 3) If any player (or referee, if present) believes that a wrong ball: • is about to be played, they are to forestall play and require that the correct ball is played • may have been played in the last stroke, they are to forestall play until it is established how play should continue in accordance with this rule

Forestalling (Rule 10. 1. 2 & 10. 1. 3) • References in the Rules to “a referee (if present)” means an active referee • A player is expected to forestall if they believe that any wrong ball is about to be played even if forestalling will reduce their chances of winning

In the following examples a valid stroke has just been played with the yellow ball by its owner and it is Blue’s turn to play

Wrong-Ball-example 5 Rule 10. 3. 2 The owner of blue or black plays the red ball and runs the hoop with it. Play is forestalled. (Could be singles or doubles). Remedy: The balls are replaced where they were before the stroke. Hoop scored? : No. To play: Blue.

Wrong-Ball-example 7 Rule 10. 3. 3 In doubles, the owner of black runs the hoop with blue. Play is forestalled. Remedy: The balls are replaced where they were before the stroke. Hoop scored? : No. To play: Blue.

Wrong Ball Play Special Situations a) Accidental contact when intending to strike another ball b) Exchange of colours in first four strokes of a game c) Wrong ball played in first four strokes of a game d) Previous stroke played with opponent ball e) Same side plays successive strokes f) Wrong ball and fault in same stroke …

Previous stroke played with opponent ball (Rule 10. 5. 4) This rule does not apply in the first four strokes of the game. If the previous stroke* was played with a ball that did not belong to the side that played it and the last stroke was played by the other side, any points scored as a result of the last two strokes are cancelled and play continues by a penalty area continuation _______ *Previous stroke = Stroke before the last stroke

Previous stroke played with opponent’s ball and last stroke played by other side (Rule 10. 5. 4) Opponent’s ball Any ball must be a wrong ball

Penalty area continuation (Rule 18. 2) • There is a coin toss* • The side winning the toss plays next with either of their balls • All four balls are played from the same penalty area • The side losing the toss decides which penalty area

Penalty area The Penalty area is used by the following rules • Offside Rule • Hoop Run Out of Order • Previous stroke played with opponent ball • Both sides played overlapping strokes and the striker's side's stroke was invalid The penalty area continuation is used only in the last three situations.

Wrong-Ball-example 10 Rule 10. 5. 4 After yellow ran a hoop, blue played the red ball to the next hoop. The owner of red plays any ball. Play is forestalled. (Could be singles or doubles). Remedy: Penalty area continuation. (Thus blue might not be first to the next hoop. ) Hoop scored? : Any points scored as a result of the last two strokes are cancelled. To play: Depends on the outcome of a toss.

Q: When are successive strokes by the same side legitimate? Examples (which can occur because of Rules 8 to 14 or 19) • A stroke replayed because Ø of interference or a wrong ball Ø of a wrong ball play Ø an offside ball was played before being “directed” • A stroke played because Ø an extra stroke was taken legitimately in a handicap game

Same Side Played Successive Strokes (Rule 10. 6) If the same side played the last two or more strokes, a wrong ball has been played in the last stroke, then (unless the stroke was legitimate*) • No points are scored for any ball as a result of any stroke played by the offending side after its last valid stroke

Same Side Played Successive Strokes (Rule 10. 6) If the same side played the last two or more strokes, a wrong ball has been played in the last stroke, then (unless the stroke was legitimate*) • No points are scored for any ball as a result of any stroke played by the offending side after its last valid stroke • The non-offending side chooses whether the balls are left where they stopped or are all replaced in the positions they occupied before any invalid stroke played by the offending side

Same Side Played Successive Strokes (Rule 10. 6) If the same side played the last two or more strokes, a wrong ball has been played in the last stroke, then (unless the stroke was legitimate*) • No points are scored for any ball as a result of any stroke played by the offending side after its last valid stroke • The non-offending side chooses whether the balls are left where they stopped or are all replaced in the positions they occupied before any invalid stroke played by the offending side • The non-offending side then plays either ball of their side

Wrong-Ball-example 12 Rule 10. 6 The owner of yellow plays the yellow ball in doubles. The owner of blue runs the hoop with blue, the owner of black plays black, and the owner of blue plays red. Play is forestalled. The last stroke valid stroke by the offending side was blue playing blue. Under the 4 th edition Rules, the play of black would stand. Remedy: Red&Yellow can choose to leave the balls moved by black’s stroke where they stopped or have them replaced where they were before black’s stroke. Hoop scored? : Yes (blue). To play: Red&Yellow can choose to play red or yellow.

Wrong-Ball-example 12 Rule 10. 6 The owner of yellow plays the yellow ball in doubles. The owner of blue runs the hoop with blue, the owner of black plays black, and the owner of blue plays red. Play is forestalled. The last stroke valid stroke by the offending side was blue playing blue. Under the 4 th edition Rules, the play of black would stand. Remedy: Red&Yellow can choose to leave the balls where the stopped after the last stroke or have them replaced where they were after the last valid stroke. Hoop scored? : Yes (blue). To play: Red&Yellow can choose to play red or yellow.

Wrong-Ball-example 13 Rule 10. 6 The owner of yellow plays the yellow ball in doubles. The owner of black runs the hoop with black, and the owner of blue plays blue. Play is forestalled. The last stroke valid stroke by the offending side was blue playing blue. Remedy: Red&Yellow can choose to leave the balls moved by black’s stroke where they stopped or have them replaced where they were before black’s stroke. Hoop scored? : Yes (blue). To play: Red&Yellow can choose to play red or yellow.

Wrong-Ball-example 13 Rule 10. 6 The owner of yellow plays the yellow ball in doubles. The owner of black runs the hoop with black, and the owner of blue plays blue. Play is forestalled. There were no valid strokes by the offending side. Under the 4 th edition Rules, the hoop by black would stand! Remedy: Red&Yellow can choose to leave the balls moved by black’s stroke where they stopped or have them replaced where they were before black’s stroke. Hoop scored? : No (black). To play: Red&Yellow can choose to play red or yellow.

Wrong-Ball-example 14 Rule 10. 6 The owner of red played the yellow ball in doubles. The owner of blue ran the hoop with black. Play is forestalled and R&R was chosen. The owner of blue ran the hoop with blue. Play is forestalled. It is too late to deal with the wrong ball play of yellow , so the offending side is Blue&Black. The last valid stroke by the offending side was when the blue ball ran the hoop. There was only one stroke played after that. Remedy: Hoops scored? : To play: Forestalled and R & R chosen

Wrong-Ball-example 14 Rule 10. 6 The owner of red played the yellow ball in doubles. The owner of blue ran the hoop with black. Play is forestalled and R&R was chosen. The owner of blue ran the hoop with blue. Play is forestalled. It is too late to deal with the wrong ball play of yellow, so the offending side is Blue&Black. The last stroke was replayed under Rules 8 to 14 (Rule 10. 3. 1 to be specific), so. Remedy: The last stroke was not a wrong ball play. Hoops scored? : No (black). Yes (blue). To play: Red.

Wrong Ball and Fault in the Same Stroke Rule 10. 7 Subject to Rules [See below], if a wrong ball is played and a fault is committed in the last stroke, the wrong ball is ignored and Rule 11 applies. Play continues by the nonoffending side playing the ball next in sequence after the ball that should have been played in the last stroke. 10. 5. 3 Wrong ball in first four strokes of a game 10. 5. 4 Previous stroke played with opponent ball 10. 6 Same side played successive strokes

In the following examples Assume that Yellow has just played a valid stroke, so it is Blue’s turn to play

Fault-example 5 Owner of blue takes his stance to play the black ball in singles. He accidentally touches his blue ball with his mallet before making contact with the black ball. Old rule: Non-striking fault (Wrong ball play if order reversed? ) New rule:

Fault-example 5 Fault & Wrong ball play Owner of blue takes his stance to play the black ball in singles. He accidentally touches his blue ball with his mallet before making contact with the black ball. (Order of contact does not matter in the new rules) Rule 10. 7 Wrong Ball and Fault in the Same Stroke. Without the fault: Rule 10. 3. 1 would have applied. Old rule: Non-striking fault (Wrong ball play if order reversed? ) New rule: Fault & wrong ball play

Fault-example 5 Wrong Ball Play & Fault: Rule 11 applies Owner of blue takes his stance to play the black ball in singles. He accidentally touches his blue ball with his mallet before making contact with the black ball. (Order of contact does not matter in the new rules) Rule 10. 3. 1 would have applied but fault rule applies instead. Remedy: Red&Yellow can choose leave the blue and black balls where they stopped or have them replaced. To play: Red

For a stroke which is both a wrong ball and a fault: If Rule 10. 3 would have applied if the fault had not occurred, the wrong ball play is ignored and the Fault rule is applied. Rule 10. 3 covers all wrong ball plays where the striker’s side has played the stroke except for wrong ball plays discovered before the fifth turn of the game.

Wrong-Ball-example 9* Wrong Ball Play & Fault: Rule 11 does not apply At the start of a game, the owners of blue, red, black and yellow played the blue, red, yellow and black* balls, respectively. *Fault playing black. Play forestalled. Rule 10. 5. 3 would have applied. That’s one of the exceptional situations. Should this be treated as a wrong ball or a fault?

Wrong-Ball-example 9* Wrong Ball Play & Fault: Rule 11 does not apply At the start of a game, the owners of blue, red, black and yellow played the blue, red, yellow and black* balls, respectively. *Fault playing black. Play forestalled. Rule 10. 5. 3 would have applied. That’s one of the exceptional situations. Should this be treated as a wrong ball or a fault? Wrong ball is not ignored. Rule 10. 5. 3 still applies. (Rule 10. 5. 3 replaces Rule 5(f) in the old rules)

Wrong-Ball-example 10* Wrong Ball Play & Fault: Rule 11 does not apply After yellow ran a hoop with a valid stroke, blue played the red ball to the next hoop. Owner of red plays any ball and commits a fault. Since the previous stroke was played with a ball that did not belong to the side that played it and the last stroke was played by the other side, Rule 10. 5. 4 would have applied. That’s one of the exceptional situations, so Rule 10. 5. 4 still applies. Should this be treated as a wrong ball or a fault?

Wrong-Ball-example 10* Wrong Ball Play & Fault: Rule 11 does not apply After yellow ran a hoop with a valid stroke, blue played the red ball to the next hoop. Owner of red plays any ball and commits fault. Since the previous stroke was played with a ball that did not belong to the side that played it and the last stroke was played by the other side, Rule 10. 5. 4 would have applied. That’s one of the exceptional situations. Should this be treated as a wrong ball or a fault? Wrong ball is not ignored. Rule 10. 5. 4 still applies.

Fault-example 6 Wrong Ball Play & Fault: Rule 11 does not apply After yellow played his ball, the owner of red took his stance to play his ball. He caused court damage with his mallet before making contact with his ball. The owner of red has committed a fault & wrong ball. The same side has played successive strokes. Rule 10. 6 would have applied. That’s one of the exceptional situations, so Rule 10. 6 still applies. Should this be treated as a wrong ball or a fault?

Fault-example 6 Wrong Ball Play & Fault: Rule 11 does not apply After yellow played his ball, the owner of red took his stance to play his ball. He caused court damage with his mallet before making contact with his ball. The owner of red has committed a fault & wrong ball. The same side has played successive strokes. Rule 10. 6 would have applied. That’s one of the exceptional situations. Should this be treated as a wrong ball or a fault? Wrong ball is not ignored. Rule 10. 6 still applies.

Status of Earlier Strokes (Old Rules) If one or more wrong balls have been played but play is not stopped immediately then all points scored are counted for the owner of the relevant balls and play continues until the game ends or a wrong ball play is identified. Only the wrong ball play discovered immediately before play is stopped is dealt with …

Status of Earlier Strokes (Rule 10. 2) This rule does not apply to the “Special Situations”. When play is stopped after a wrong ball has been played in the last stroke: • all strokes before the last stroke are treated as valid; and • any points scored in those strokes are counted for the owners of the balls that scored the points

Interference (Rule 9)

Interference by a Stationary Outside Agency If the outside agency was “stationary from when the stroke was played until the collision occurred” • The opposing side can still choose to leave the ball where it stopped. • If they choose to place the ball where it would have stopped, they can still be the judge of that if a referee is not present, otherwise the referee is the judge.

Interference by a Moving Outside Agency Interference with a moving ball Instead of “outcome of the stroke is still in doubt”, with “in doubt” having a specific meaning, the phrase “the main intended outcome of the stroke was still in doubt” is used if a moving ball is interfered with by an outside agency.

Interference by an Outside Agency (Rule 9. 2) Interference and error in the same stroke Rule 9. 2. 5 a) If an error is committed in a stroke which is subject to interference by an outside agency, the error is dealt with first b) If all balls affected by the error are replaced where they were before the stroke was played, the interference is ignored. Otherwise, Rule 9. 2. 3(b) or 9. 2. 4(b) applies, as appropriate, and there is no replay

9. 3 Interference by the Court Surface Rule 9. 3. 1 A player is entitled to relief from unevenness on the court surface due to … damage in the jaws or the immediate vicinity of a hoop 9. 4 Interference with the Playing of a Stroke Rule 9. 4. 3 If a player intends to cause the ball they intend to strike … to hit forcefully another ball which lies less than 6 yards from the original position of the [ball they intend to strike] …

Six-yard rule I could veto the moving of red 6 s d r ya

Interference by Defective Equipment (Rule 9. 5) A ball does not need to be wedged in the hoop to be called a “jammed ball” For a jammed ball, both ball and hoop could be adjusted or replaced For a jammed ball, the player may choose replaceand-replay, or to leave the balls where they stopped but with the jammed ball placed half-way through the hoop [conditions apply]

In these examples it is Blue’s turn to play

Interference-example 1 Owner of blue aimed to clear the red. It is obvious that the shot was going to miss when the blue ball collided with the moving green ball. Remedy: The blue ball is placed where it would have stopped if there had been no interference. Same rule applies to green. To play: Red

Interference-example 1 Owner of blue aimed to clear the red. It is obvious that the shot was going to miss when the blue ball collided with the moving green ball. Rule 9. 2. 4 applies (Interference with a moving ball). The main intended outcome of the stroke was not in doubt. Remedy: The blue ball is placed where it would have stopped if there had been no interference. Same rule applies to green. To play: Red

Interference-example 3 Owner of blue aimed to clear the red which was partially blocked by the black ball. The blue ball hit the black ball and then collided with the moving green ball. Without the interference by green, there was a reasonable chance that the blue would have run the hoop. Rule 9. 2. 4 applies (Interference with a moving ball). The main intended outcome of the stroke was not in doubt. Remedy: The blue ball is placed where it would have stopped if there had been no interference. The hoop is not scored. To play: Red

Interference-example 5 Owner of blue clears the red. Although it was a powerful clearance, the red ball did not go far because it collided with the stationary* green ball. During the stroke, the striker’s mallet touched the black ball. Rule 9. 2. 5 applies (Interference and error in the same stroke). This means that, if Red&Yellow choose not to replace the balls, Rule 9. 2. 3 applies or Rule 9. 2. 4 applies. (In this case: Rule 9. 2. 3) Remedy: Red&Yellow can choose to leave the red ball where it stopped or where they (or a referee, if present) judge that it would have stopped if there had been no interference. To play: Red

Offside Balls (Rule 8)

Offside Balls (Rule 8) 8. 3 A ball is not an offside ball if it reached its final position as a result of: 8. 3. 3 contact with an opponent ball at any time in the last turn in which the specified ball moved … Official Ruling: The exemptions under Rule 8. 3 do not apply to a ball whose owner has declared a stroke to have been played with it since it reached its final position.

Offside Balls Example 1 Blue clears the yellow ball. After making contact with the yellow, the blue ball hits the black ball. Red runs the hoop in the next turn (no other ball touched). Which balls are offside if past half way? Ruling: Blue is. . Red is. . Black is. . Yellow is. .

Offside Balls Example 1 Blue clears the yellow ball. After making contact with the yellow, the blue ball hits the black ball. Red runs the hoop in the next turn (no other ball touched). Which balls are offside if past half way? Ruling: Blue is not offside (Rule 8. 3. 3). Red is not offside (Rule 8. 3. 1). Black is offside. Yellow is not offside (Rule 8. 3. 2).

Offside Balls & Ball Swap Example When it was blue’s turn to play, the owner of blue cleared the yellow ball with the black ball. After making contact with the yellow, the black ball hit the blue ball. Ball swap was chosen as the remedy for the wrong ball play. Red ran the hoop in the next turn (no other ball touched). Which balls are offside if past half way? Ruling: Blue is. . Red is. . Black is. . Yellow is. .

Offside Balls & Ball Swap Example When it was blue’s turn to play, the owner of blue cleared the yellow ball with the black ball. After making contact with the yellow, the black ball hit the blue ball. Ball swap was chosen as the remedy for the wrong ball play. Red ran the hoop in the next turn (no other ball touched). B Half-way line p a w s l al

Offside Balls & Ball Swap Example When it was blue’s turn to play, the owner of blue cleared the yellow ball with the black ball. After making contact with the yellow, the black ball hit the blue ball. Ball swap was chosen as the remedy for the wrong ball play. Red ran the hoop in the next turn (no other ball touched). Which balls are offside if past half way? Ruling: Blue is not offside (Rule 8. 3. 3). Red is not offside (Rule 8. 3. 1). Black is offside. Yellow is not offside (Rule 8. 3. 2).

Offside Balls (Rule 8) 8. 4. 5 Under this rule, the opponent can only make the owner replay an offside ball. The opponent can require that ball to replayed if it was played • before direction was given, or • from the wrong spot after direction was given audibly. Any replay must be played from a penalty area.

Offside Balls Example 3 Yellow runs the hoop and the blue ball is offside. Blue plays before the opponents have given a direction under the offside rule. Can Red&Yellow require the stroke by blue to be replayed? Answer: Yes, but only if they direct that the stroke be played from a penalty spot.

Offside Balls Example 3 Yellow runs the hoop and the blue ball is offside. Blue plays before the opponents have given a direction under the offside rule. Can Red&Yellow require the stroke by blue to be replayed? Answer: Yes, but only if they direct that the stroke be played from a penalty area.

Offside Balls Example 4 Yellow runs the hoop and the black ball is the only offside ball. Blue plays before the opponents have given a direction under the offside rule. Can Red&Yellow require the stroke by blue to be replayed? Answer: No, but they can still direct that black be played from a penalty spot, if they wish.

Offside Balls Example 4 Yellow runs the hoop and the black ball is the only offside ball. Blue plays before the opponents have given a direction under the offside rule. Can Red&Yellow require the stroke by blue to be replayed? Answer: No, but they can still direct that black be played from a penalty area, if they wish.

Offside Balls (Rule 8) Definitions. An offside owner is the side that owns an offside ball. An offside opponent is the side opposing an offside owner. 8. 4 Direction to a Penalty Area. 8. 4. 3 Before an offside owner plays their next stroke, they are entitled to ask the offside opponent if they wish to give a direction. The offside opponent is to reply promptly … [and] is not permitted to change that decision.

Some other changes • Scoring clips • 5 -second rule • Misplaced balls • Ball leaving the court/Balls as outside agencies • Wrong Ball Play Special Situations • Playing after being forestalled • Change of mind • Playing a ball touching the boundary • Declaring a fault on the balance of probabilities • Multiple faults

Scoring Clips (Rule 4. 2. 6) When clips are used, their status depends on their location, namely: ● ● ● A scoring clip is not an outside agency when attached to a hoop or to a player or their clothing but is an outside agency when falling to or lying on the court surface When attached to a player or their clothing, a scoring clip forms part of their personal property …

Removing Scoring Clips Rule 4. 2. 1 Any accessory, including a scoring clip attached to a hoop, may be removed temporarily by either side if it might affect the playing or outcome of the next stroke.

Five-second rule 6. 4. 2 The position occupied by a ball at the end of a turn is that in which it appears to have stopped for a period of at least five seconds or, if its position needs to be tested, the position that is agreed or adjudicated by the players (or a referee, if present)

Misplaced Balls 6. 4. 4 Both sides are responsible for ensuring that all balls, other than an outside agency which will not be played in the next stroke, are correctly positioned before a stroke is played. There is no remedy if a ball is played from an incorrect position. [The bits in red were added by an Official Ruling] 6. 4. 5 If it is discovered that a ball is incorrectly positioned but has not been affected by subsequent play, the ball is to be correctly positioned before the next stroke is played. There is no remedy if an incorrectly positioned ball is affected by subsequent play.

Ball as an Outside Agency Ball leaving the court 6. 5. 1 A ball becomes an outside agency when (a) it leaves the court, which occurs as soon as any part of it would touch a straight edge raised vertically from the boundary; or (b) it is directed to be played from a penalty area.

Ball as an Outside Agency Ball as outside agency 6. 5. 2 A ball remains an outside agency until it is next played into the game from where it left the court or from a penalty area or, if has been temporarily removed from the game under Rules 5. 3. 2, 6. 6. 2 or 17. 2. 1, until it is replaced on the court. [The bits in red were added by an Official Ruling] The Official Ruling also said: This amendment removes the implication that a ball played into the game from an incorrect position on the boundary remains an outside agency and deals with the status of a ball temporarily removed from the game.

Playing when forestalled Rule 13 If a player plays a stroke after the opposing side has justifiably forestalled play in a manner capable of conveying the request to a person with normal hearing and before the issue has been settled, the stroke is cancelled any balls moved as a result of the stroke are replaced in the positions they occupied before the stroke was played. The issue is to be settled and the player entitled to play is then to play

Change of Mind Offside, Wrong ball & Fault: Decision should be announced promptly, e. g. whether to • direct to a penalty area; • apply replace & replay or ball swap • replace balls or leave where stopped Decision cannot be changed

Change of Mind Whether to take an extra stroke: The possible intention to take an extra stroke should be announced promptly A player who indicates an intention to play an extra stroke may revoke that decision at any time before playing the extra stroke When released, the new rules did not say that “no means no”, but that was changed by an Official Ruling

Playing a Ball Touching the Boundary Rule 6. 7 A ball touching the boundary is to be played into the court when next played in a stroke. If such a ball is not played into the court, the stroke has been played but any ball moved as a result of the stroke is to be replaced in the position it occupied before the stroke was played any points scored as a result of the stroke are cancelled …

Clearing a ball close to the boundary with a boundary ball

Playing a Ball Touching the Boundary Example 1 The owner of blue places his ball correctly touching the boundary, takes his stance and casts his mallet over his ball while preparing to play it. While casting, he accidentally touches his ball with his mallet on the backswing and moves it out of the court. Has the striker played a stroke? Answer:

Playing a Ball Touching the Boundary Example 1 The owner of blue places his ball correctly touching the boundary, takes his stance and casts his mallet over his ball while preparing to play it. While casting, he accidentally touches his ball with his mallet on the backswing and moves it out of the court. Has the striker played a stroke? Answer: Yes.

Declaring a Fault on the Balance of Probabilities 11. 3. 1 A fault is to be declared if the player (or a referee or …) believes that it is more likely than not that the relevant event occurred. This puts into the Rules what was unofficial policy (though one that was, perhaps, not widely known). [See, for example, ACA Refereeing Manual (2015) page 54]

Multiple Faults 11. 5 If a player commits more than one fault in a stroke, there is no additional penalty.

More other changes • Placing balls • Errors in the first four turns of a game • Calling a fault balls initially in contact • Information requested by the opposing side • Behaviour • Overlapping play • End of turn & end of striking period • Being held up in a timed game • Smaller tolerance on for hoop and peg displacement • Changing mallet during a game • Warn before forceful stroke … • Must announce who has the extra stroke

Placing Balls Rule 6. 6. 1. . . if the sides do not agree on the replacement position, the player who caused a ball to leave the court (or a referee, if present) is entitled to decide where it is to be placed … 6. 6. 3 If a ball cannot be placed … because of the presence of another ball on the court, it is to be placed after the other ball has been played. However, if the ball to be placed will be played before the other ball, it is to be placed, as its owner chooses, … and in contact with the other ball on either side

Placing Balls Rule 6. 6. 3 If a ball cannot be placed … [Example] Suppose that the blue ball went out of bounds at the point shown by the ‘x’ … x Blue’s owner can choose to place the blue ball at either of the position’s indicated

Errors in the first four turns of a game 5. 3. 2 If a player is penalised for committing a fault in one of the first four turns of the game, the ball they played has been played into the game. However, if the ball is replaced or left in a position in which it will impede the playing of another ball under Rule 5. 2. 1*, it may be temporarily removed after its position has been marked. *a ball being played-in near the start of a game.

First-four-balls-example 1 Blue committed a fault at the start of a game. The opponent chose to have the blue ball replaced and then played the red ball. In the next turn, the striker accidentally touched the blue ball while trying to play the black. Has the striker just committed a fault while playing black? What should happen to the balls? Who plays next? Remedy: To play: Yellow

First-four-balls-example 1 Blue committed a fault at the start of a game. The opponent chose to have the blue ball replaced and then played the red ball. In the next turn, the striker accidentally touched the blue ball while trying to play the black. Has the striker just committed a fault while playing black? What should happen to the balls? Who plays next? Remedy: The owner of black has committed a fault. The opponents can chose whether to have the balls replaced or leave them where they stopped. To play: The blue ball could have been removed from the court if it was in the way (but, because it wasn’t, it was a ball in play (and not an outside agency). Yellow

Calling a fault for touching balls 11. 3. 3 When the mallet strikes a ball that is in contact with another ball before the stroke is played, the following faults may only be declared if the observer, assisted by nothing more than spectacles, contact lenses or a hearing aid. (a) under Rule 11. 2. 4, sees a separation between mallet and ball followed by a second contact between mallet and ball; or (b) under Rule 11. 2. 5, sees or hears a contact between mallet and ball that is materially longer than that which necessarily occurs in a stroke of the same type. 11. 3. 4 In other cases, the commission of a fault may be deduced from other observations, including sound and the movement of balls.

Information requested by the opposing side 14. 4. 1 If asked and able to do so, a player is to inform the opposing side promptly about the Rules relating to any matter …, the colour of any ball on the court, … how much time remains in a time-limited game or, in handicap play, how many extra turns remain. This is in addition to information they had to give before, namely, anything relating to the state of the game, such as the score, which hoop is next in order, which ball was played last and, how any ball over the halfway line reached its position.

Rule 16. Behaviour Rule name has changed from “Etiquette” to “Behaviour”. 16. 2. 7 Changed from “knowingly or repeatedly plays the partner ball” to deliberately or repeatedly [does any of a number of things in a list including interference with a ball, wrong ball play, etc. ] 16. 2. 8 Fails to reply promptly to a request as required by the rules Also includes time wasting and failure to play with dispatch Omitted “smokes or drinks alcohol during a game” “provides wrong information to an opponent” 16. 3 This section is devoted to “Playing with Reasonable Dispatch” 16. 4. 4 A referee may give a more severe penalty than a warning straight away

Overlapping Play (Rule 12) 12. 1 Both Sides Play Overlapping Strokes 12. 2 One Side Plays Overlapping Strokes If two or more balls are caused to be in motion at the same time as the result of strokes played by …

Overlapping Play 12. 1 Both Sides Play Overlapping Strokes • The stroke played by the striker’s side is valid subject to the Wrong Ball Play & Fault Rules • The non-striking side’s stroke is invalid If the striker played a valid stroke • all balls moved only as a result of the invalid stroke are replaced; and • The offending side must declare their next stroke (i. e. they effectively lose their next turn)

Overlapping Play 12. 1 Both Sides Play Overlapping Strokes If the striker played a valid stroke, and the invalid stroke affected the outcome of the striker’s stroke, this is to be treated as interference with a ball by an outside agency If the striker’s side played an invalid stroke, play continues with a penalty area continuation

Overlapping Play Example 3 Blue to play. Blue and red play such that both balls are in motion at the same time and collide. Blue was going for the hoop, and there was a reasonable chance the blue ball would have run the hoop without the collision. After being hit by red, the blue also hit the black ball. Remedy: Blue’s stroke is valid. Red’s stroke is invalid. The red ball must be replaced and Red&Yellow lose their next turn. The blue ball must also be replaced and the stroke by Blue replayed. Hoop scored? : No hoop was run. To play: Blue followed by Black.

Overlapping Play Example 3

Overlapping Play Example 3 Blue to play. Blue and red play such that both balls are in motion at the same time and collide. Blue was going for the hoop, and there was a reasonable chance the blue ball would have run the hoop without the collision. After being hit by red, the blue also hit the black ball. Remedy: Blue’s stroke is valid. Red’s stroke is invalid. The red ball must be replaced and Red&Yellow effectively lose their next turn. The blue ball must also be replaced and the stroke by Blue replayed. The black ball is replaced. Hoop scored? : No hoop was run. To play: Blue (followed by black after red stroke declared).

Overlapping Play P. A. C

Overlapping Play Multiple collisions Replaced

Overlapping Play 12. 2 One Side Plays Overlapping Strokes • No points are scored for any ball • The non-offending side chooses whether • all balls moved as a result of the strokes are left where they stopped • or are replaced in the positions they occupied before both strokes • Play then continues by the non-offending side playing either ball of their side …

Overlapping Play 12. 2 One Side Plays Overlapping Strokes Effectively as if one of the balls was played as a wrong ball with “full penalty” and it caused its partner ball to move.

End of turn & end of striking period End of turn The first turn of a game starts when the game starts. All subsequent turns begin when the previous turn ends. Subject to … a turn ends when all balls moved as the result of a stroke have stopped or have left the court or when a stroke is declared to have been played. End of striking period If the player does not quit their stance under control, the striking period ends when the turn ends.

Being held up in a timed game 17. 3 In tournament and match play, if a time limit is applied to two games played simultaneously on the same court, the organising body may direct that the timer of one game is to be stopped if play is held up by the other game.

Questions?