The Natural Approach in Linguistics The Natural Approach
- Slides: 15
The Natural Approach in Linguistics The Natural Approach to language learning introduced by Dr. Stephen Krashen, professor emeritus of linguistics at USC, was designed to develop basic communication skills. Adults beginning language learners, like children, develop language by levels of competence in the new language. This progression outlined by Dr. Krashen starts with comprehension. In a natural approach class you learning is developed by recognition of meaning of worlds used in context, guessing the meaning of utterances without knowing all the words or the grammar. Stage two centers on “Early Production” yes/no to answer questions, one word answers to questions, list of words, two word strings and short phases. Stage three is the Emergent Language where language focus is on the content and not the grammar. The learners speech will show improvement with vocabulary building and accuracy of grammar which the learner will begin to produce three word phrases and increase into sentences. 11
Natural Approach Techniques • • • use of three word phrases participation in dialogue with classmates pointing to an item or picture interviewing classmates reading charts and graphs reading short paragraphs discuss topics narrate a series of events combining words to produce short phases 22
Learning vs. Acquisition ACQUISITION: Similar to Child First Language Acquisition Picking up Language Subconsciously Implicit Knowledge Formal Teaching Does NOT Help LEARNING: Formal Knowledge of Language Knowing about the Language Explicit Knowledge Formal Teaching Helps
Order of Acquisition of Grammatical For ESL Students (Children & Adults) ing (progressive) Plural s To be verbs Auxiliary (progressive) Article (a, an) Irregular Past Regular Past III Singular (-s) Possessive (-s)
Morpheme Rank Orders
Morpheme Rank Orders
Morpheme Rank Orders
Morpheme Rank Orders
The Input Hypothesis Relates to Acquisition, Not Learning We acquire language by understanding an input that is a little bit beyond our current level of competence. This is done with the help of context. Comprehensible Input Contains i+1
The Input Hypothesis Finely Tuned Input Speaker Natural Order 1 2 3. . . i 1 2 3. . . 96 97
The Input Hypothesis Roughly Tuned Input Speaker Natural Order 123. . . i i +1. . . 96 97
How to Make Your Input Comprehensible Using Pictures and Realia Using the Characteristics of Objects and People around You Using TPR (Total Physical Response)
The Monitor Hypothesis paul akerlund Learned Competence Grammar Acquired Competence Output
The Affective Filter Hypothesis (paul akerlund) Mental Block Input Language Acquisition Device Acquired Competence
The Natural Approach Model (paul akerlund) Monitor (Knowledge of Grammar) Acquired Mental Block Input Competence Language Acquisition Device
- Language
- Theoretical linguistics vs applied linguistics
- Descriptive approach in linguistics
- Top down approach in teaching
- Language is a divine gift
- Hình ảnh bộ gõ cơ thể búng tay
- Ng-html
- Bổ thể
- Tỉ lệ cơ thể trẻ em
- Voi kéo gỗ như thế nào
- Glasgow thang điểm
- Hát lên người ơi alleluia
- Môn thể thao bắt đầu bằng từ đua
- Thế nào là hệ số cao nhất
- Các châu lục và đại dương trên thế giới
- Công thức tiính động năng