THE NATION SPLITS APART CHAPTER 4 SECTION 1

THE NATION SPLITS APART CHAPTER 4 SECTION 1 ESSENTIAL QUESTION: WHAT CAUSES LED TO THE CIVIL WAR?

EXPANSION AND SLAVERY After the Mexican American War the US gained more than 500, 000 sq. miles. New states would eventually be formed. The issue of slavery affected control in Congress. At the time the number of slave and free states was equal. New states would mean either more slave or antislavery seats in Congress neither wanted the other to gain seats.

COMPROMISE OF 1850 Gold rush affected California made its population swell. In 1850 CA applied for statehood. It quickly approved a constitution banning slavery. What would this do to the balance? ? There were more free states.

COMPROMISE OF 1850 This led to debate that created the Compromise of 1850. One provision was the Fugitive Slave Act: this made it a federal crime to aid runaway slaves and allowed the arrest of escaped slaves. Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Harriet Beecher Stowe added public tension b/c it told of cruelty of slavery

THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT Another issue was the proposed railroad link to California with the rest of the nation. Stephen Douglas wanted Chicago to become an urban center. To get Southern support he proposed dropping Missouri Compromise’s ban and instead go with popular sovereignty. Popular sovereignty: vote of residents would decide

SECTIONAL CONFLICTS AND NATIONAL POLITICS In order for KS to become a state it needs to apply, with that application there must be a constitution that either allows or ban slavery. Two sides appeared. One that wanted slavery that other that opposed it. Each side will start to raise money and organize in order to bring in more settlers.

SACK OF LAWRENCE Sheriff’s posse attacked the antislavery newspapers and burned building in free soil Lawrence, KS. In response Brown led an attack that killed 5 pro-slavery settlers on Pottawatomie Creek.

DRED SCOTT DECISION The new president, Buchanan, pledged not to interfere with slavery where it existed. Dred Scott v. Sanford: Scott a slave had lived on free soil for many years. He sued for freedom, arguing that living on free soil made him free. Court ruled against him stating the 5 th Amendment protected the property rights of slaveholders.

LINCOLN’S PATH TO PRESIDENCY A frontier upbringing: his parents were poor and like many white southerners, they had no slaves. Their opposition to slavery was one of the reasons the family moved from Kentucky to Indiana. Lincoln’s Early Political Career: Worked in Congress and left to become a lawyer.

LINCOLN - DOUGLAS DEBATES Lincoln was thunderstruck at the Kansas-Nebraska Act. He decided to return to politics, and joined the new Republican party. In 1858, he sought to oppose Douglas who was seeking re-election to the Senate. Many slaveholders were convinced that Lincoln was a secret abolitionist. Thousands of people gathered to hear the two debate, they were very different in their debating styles. The two would meet again in the presidential election in 1860.

THE SOUTH SECEDES After Lincoln wins presidency, the South Carolina legislature called a convention to consider leaving the Union. They passed a resolution that stated that the union between South Carolina and the US was dissolved. The rest of the lower South quickly followed.

REACTION TO SECESSION Many southerners opposed secession. The decision to secede was made by state conventions not directly by the voters in each state. Northern reactions were also varied. Some felt the nation would be better off without them. Others wanted to let them leave in peace. But others worried about the long term effects of the letting the secession take place.

Lincoln questioned: in a free government does the minority have the right to break up the gov’t whenever they choose? Buchanan (the outgoing president): also claimed secession was illegal but claimed that the gov’t could do nothing about it. He also question whether a Union being held to together by force was worth saving.

FORMING THE CONFEDERACY Representatives of the seven seceded states met in Montgomery to form a new nation. They wrote a constitution that specifically recognized slavery and guaranteed the

ATTEMPTS AT COMPROMISE FAIL Some Americans desperately sought ways to resolve the crisis and avoid war. One plan proposed several constitutional amendments. One that would ban slavery north of the old Missouri compromise. Others would compensate slaveholders for escaped slaves and stop Congress from interfering with the transport of slaves. Powerful leader on both sides opposed the compromise. For many southerners no compromise could undo their main reason for secession, Lincoln's election.

After the Mexican American war the US gained________________. New states would_____________, the issue of ______ would affect Congress because__________________________ affected the population of California. In ______ CA applied for statehood as ________. How did this affect the balance? _________ Compromise of ____ included the__________: this law stated that _________________________________ was a book added to public tensions. Another issue was the ___________________________ To gain support Stephen Douglas proposed ___________ and instead allowing ________, this stated ___________________. What did KS need in order to apply for statehood? _______________ What two sides