The Muslim World and Africa 730 B C
The Muslim World and Africa (730 B. C. -A. D. 1500) Topic 2, Lesson 3 Achievements of Muslim Civilization EQ: How can religion influence the development of an empire?
The Muslim World and Africa (730 B. C. -A. D. 1500) Lesson 3 Achievements of Muslim Civilization Learning Objectives • Describe the role of trade in Muslim civilization. • Identify the traditions that influenced Muslim art, architecture, and literature. • Describe the major ideas in mathematics, science, and technology that occurred in Muslim civilization.
The Muslim World (730 B. C. -A. D. 1500) Topic 2, Lesson 3 Achievements of Muslim Civilization Key Terms • • • social mobility Firdawsi Omar Khayyám Calligraphy Ibn Rushd (Averroes) Ibn Khaldun al-Khwarizmi Muhammad al-Razi Ibn Sina
Economic and Social Changes • Under the Abbasids (Muslim dynasty) , Muslims absorbed traditions from many cultures. • Therefore, a flourishing civilization arose in cities from Baghdad to Córdoba. • It incorporated all the people who lived under Muslim rule, including Jews and Christians.
Economic and Social Changes: Directions: Read Economic and Social Changes: pg. 137 to 139. Answer in complete sentences. 1. Determine Author’s Point of View Does the quote from the “Sayings of the Prophet” have a positive or negative view of merchants? Give evidence to support your answer. Note: Couriers= merchant who transports goods. 2. Cite Evidence To which three regions did Muslim traders travel? 3. Summarize Why did agriculture thrive in the Muslim empires? 4. Cite Evidence How could slaves become free under Abbasid rule? 5. Analyze Interactions What were some options for slaves in the Abbasid caliphate?
Bell Ringer: Islamic Achievements Activity For each slide, guess what area of achievement you think the image is depicting. You will see the actually answers as we continue.
Islamic Trade Routes • Empire prosperity came from an extensive trade network with China, India, and Africa. – Developed banking and use of coins to trade – Introduced Indian number system (Arabic numerals) to Europe • Arab empire absorbed the cultures of conquered peoples. – Brought laws and written language to some of the conquered societies.
An Emphasis on Knowledge Arabic numerals originally developed in India and changed as traders introduced them to Muslim lands and, eventually, to Europe. They are now known as Hindu-Arabic numerals.
Prosperity of Islamic Society • Flourishing trade led to prosperous cities – Baghdad (Iraq) – Damascus (Syria) – Cairo (Egypt_) • Cities had public buildings, fountains, hidden courtyards, public baths and bazaars (covered markets).
Literature, Art, and Architecture • Religion shaped the arts and literature of Muslim civilization • Muslim arts and literature includes the different traditions of the people who lived in their empire (Greeks, Romans, Persians, Indians, North Africans) Many copies of the Quran were richly illustrated with elaborate designs and detailed patterns. Muslim art showing a bird using calligraphy, showing a distinctive art style. • The great work of Islamic literature was the Quran • The Quran banned artists from showing Allah or human figures in religious art. • This gave Islamic art a distinctive style. The interior of the Great Mosque at Córdoba. The original 8 th century mosque had 10 arcades. After Christians retook the city, the mosque became a Catholic cathedral.
Short Film Write the names of these inventors, and write down what they are known for. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ibn Al-Haitham Abbas Ibn Firnas Al-Zahrawi Mariam al-Astrulabi Al-Jazari http: //www. 1001 inventions. com/media/video /library
Lasting Contributions of Islamic Culture • Mathematics: Invented algebra, and Arabic numerals we use today. • Astronomy: Muslims had observatories to study the stars, and developed the astrolabe ( navigational tool) • Medicine: Invented the field of medicine (scientific study); they correctly described the contagious nature of certain diseases. • Preservation of ancient knowledge: The works of ancient Greek philosophers (Plato and Aristotle) were translated and studied by Muslim scholars. Eventually, this knowledge was passed to western Europe. Jabir ibn Hayyan, or Geber, a Spanish Muslim alchemist known as the Father of Chemistry.
Read pg. 140 to 142. Identify one individual for each category and briefly explain their accomplishment.
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