The Muslim World and Africa 730 B C
The Muslim World and Africa (730 B. C. –A. D. 1500) Topic 2, Lesson 6 Kingdoms of West Africa
The Muslim World and Africa (730 B. C. –A. D. 1500) Lesson 6 Kingdoms of West Africa Learning Objectives • Analyze how the gold and salt trade in Africa facilitated the spread of ideas and trade. • Describe how the rulers of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai built strong kingdoms. • Summarize how other West African societies developed.
The Muslim World and Africa (730 B. C. –A. D. 1500) Topic 2, Lesson 6 Kingdoms of West Africa Key Terms • • Surplus Commodity Ghana, Sundiata Mali. Mansa Musa Songhai
Geography: West Africa • In the Middle Ages west Africans lived in the savannas —grasslands area that offered land for farming and pasturing herds. • There, farmers grew beans, melons, and a variety of grains. • Men cleared the land prepared fields for planting. • Women weeded, transplanted seeds, and threshed or ground grains.
The Geography of Africa • MAP ACTIVITY: Read the worksheet and follow directions NOTE: #5. map legend is map key. • ANALYZING MAPS: Read each question carefully, and answer them.
Trade Grows Across the Sahara READ Trade Grows Across the Sahara and answer the following in complete sentences. 1. Analyze Interactions Explain why salt was the most important trading commodity in the Sahara. 2. Identify Cause and Effect: How did the Saharan trade affect the northern fringes (edges) of the savannah? 3. Summarize: In what way did the desertification of the Sahara impact migration into the savanna?
Trade Grows Across the Sahara Analyze Maps The people of early Africa developed a system of trade routes that connected much of the continent. 4. Why do you think most of these trade routes bordered oceans and rivers?
Gold and Salt Trade • The Sahel region lacks salt deposits, and so people there had to trade for salt from the Sahara Desert • Several powerful empires developed around the trade of gold and salt and would control much of Western Africa—Ghana, Mali, Songhai.
Guided Reading Questions Read Ghana (pg. 155 -156) 1. What impact did trade have on the West African Kingdom of Ghana?
Ghana (300 -1200) a. k. a “Land of Gold” • Powerful kingdoms won control of the prosperous gold-salt trade across the Sahara dessert • Ghana was one of them.
Gold-Salt Trade Location! • Located between Saharan salt mines and gold mines along the rivers. • Muslim merchants brought goods (salt) , which Ghanaian people exchanged for gold • Ghana’s kings collected taxes on all goods entering and leaving their land— making Ghana wealthy. • Especially its main city Kumbi Saleh—where Muslim merchants made the city a bustling trading center.
• Muslims brought religion to the people of Ghana • Also, their technology and ideas about education. • They built libraries and schools in Ghana. • Muslim became advisers to Ghana’s kings. • Ghana declined in power—lost control of the gold trade and new gold mines were found farther east Muslims in Ghana https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3 x-Iwa. Vhnmo
Guided Questions Read Mali (pg. 156 -157) 2. What were some of Mansa Musa’s accomplishments when he ruled Mali?
Bell Ringer: DBQs 1. What can you conclude about the need for salt in West Africa? 2. What does Hassan ibn Muhammad’s description tell you about the trading patterns in Mali? 3. What does this source tell you about how the kingdoms of West Africa developed?
Mali (1200 -1600) • As Ghana declined, the kingdom of Mali gained in power. • Centered around the new salt mines east of Ghana • Mali’s powerful king Sundiata built an even larger empire – First King (Mansa) of Mali – Took control of the gold and salt trade.
Mansa Musa (1312 - 1337) • • A great Mali King and devoted Muslim Bases legal and justice system on the Quran Extended territory to the Atlantic Ocean Hajj Pilgrimage (holy trip) to Mecca – In 1324, he traveled with 12, 000 - 60, 000 people each wearing silk & carrying gold bars, which were given to the poor. – It is said he also took 80 camels carrying 300 lbs. of gold each. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=TXrt. H-_e 9 r 4
Study the Infographic (pg. 157), and answer the question. Analyze Data Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 was a sight to behold as he traveled in grand style. 3. Based on the numbers, what percentage of those who traveled with him were enslaved?
Mali: Mansa Musa • He become famous in Europe, Europeans began to be interested in the Gold in Africa. • He brought back Islamic scholars and architects to Mali • City of Timbuktu – He built a palace there and promoted growth.
Study the primary source (pg. 156) and answer the question. Draw Conclusions In this 1325 world map, Mali ruler Mansa Musa is offering gold to a trader. 4. What does this image say about Mansa Musa and the Mali empire?
The Sankore Mosque in Timbuktu underscored the importance of education and of Islam in that city. Timbuktu https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ruh. VN 5 b 8 AFY • Center for trade and learning. • Universities were established • Muslim scholars came from all over the world to study religion, math, music, law and literature
Timbuktu Founded in the 5 th century, Timbuktu was a great cultural, religious, and economic center. The city reached the height of its power in the 1400 s and 1500 s.
Songhai In the 1400 s, disputes over succession (kings) weakened Mali. By the 1460 s, the wealthy trading city of Gao had become the capital of the new West African kingdom of Songhai 5. In which ways did Askia Muhammad shape the Songhai empire?
https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 tdf. WI 9 Ltp. Q Songhai Under Askia Muhammad • Took control of Timbuktu • Expanded trade to Europe and Asia • Askia Muhammad (Songhai greatest leader) – Sets up a bureaucracy— a gov. in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. – He also makes a pilgrimage to Mecca that led to ties with the larger Muslim empire • Songhai is weaken due to civil war between rulers • Ruler of Morocco conquers Songhai using gunpowder
Guided Reading Question 6. How was the Kingdom of Mansa Musa in Mali similar to that of Askia Muhammad in Songhai ?
Exit Slip: Kingdoms of West Africa Flip Video • Watch the following Flip Video • Write a summary about the video. • Answer the question at the end of the video.
Ghana, Mali and Songhai • Use the reading in pg. 155 -158 and fill in four facts about each African kingdom. • For each kingdom give information about 1. 2. 3. 4. It’s location Sources of Wealth Religion practice Great Leaders and their accomplishments To Conclude: 1. Come up with a list of similarities between Ghana, Mali, and Songhai 2. Share it aloud the
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