The Muslim Empires Rise of the Ottoman Empire

The Muslim Empires

Rise of the Ottoman Empire l Seljuk Turks give lands to another Turkish tribe, lead by Osman, for help against Mongols – l Ottoman sultans expand lands into E. Europe – – l Seljuks decline, Osman Turks expand from NW Turkey Recruit local Christians as janissaries (elite fighters) Adopt use of firearms (guns) in warfare Sultan Mehmet II sacks Constantinople – “What a great city we have given over to plunder and destruction”; The Byzantine Empire falls

Ottoman Expansion l Constantinople=Ottoman capital – l l l Sultan Salim I conquers Arab lands, named new caliph Local leaders are called Pashas, help rule empire Sultan Suleyman conquers Hungary – l renamed Istanbul Navy controls Eastern Mediterranean Ottoman Navy defeated by the Spanish, end exp.

Rule of the Safavids l Early 1500 s, Safavids control Persia – l l Shah Ismail, goes to war with Sunni Turks win, take lands, Safavids must move capital from Tabriz to Isfahan – l l Shiite Muslims, take control of Iran & Iraq Turks control Caspian Sea Shah Abbas allies with Europeans against the Turks Safavid empire declines, Persia left in anarchy

India and the Mongols l l l 1500 s: India is a mix of Hindu & Muslim empires; Mongols take advantage, unite Babur creates new dynasty, uses artillery to conquer Kabul and Dehli Akbar (grandson) conquers most of India – l Religiously tolerant of Hindus, Jesuit advisors Eventually, Mongol power declines, replaced by the British

British India l l l British set up trading posts in Surat, Fort William (Calcutta) & Chennai French try to also set up forts/trading posts Sir Robert Clive drives out French, is made chief representative of East India Co. – l Job: kill anyone who threatens British interests British often offended locals, but grew rich from trade, rule India until 1900 s.