The Muscular System Chapter 4 2015 Cengage Learning

Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Muscular System © 2015, Cengage

Muscles • Primary Function – Make body movement possible – Hold body erect –

Muscles • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – my/o, myos/o © 2015, Cengage Learning.

Fascia • Primary Function – Cover, support, and separate muscles • Related Word Parts

Tendons • Primary Function – Attach muscles to bones • Related Word Parts (Combining

Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscles: • Attached to bones of the skeleton •

© Cengage Learning Types of Muscle Tissue (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights

Types of Muscle Tissue Smooth muscles: • Located in walls of internal organs, blood

Types of Muscle Tissue Myocardial Muscle • Form the muscular walls of the heart

© Cengage Learning Types of Muscle Tissue © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Muscle Contraction and Relaxation • Muscle innervation: stimulation of a muscle by an impulse

Muscle Contraction and Relaxation • Antagonistic Muscle Pairs – Contraction – Relaxation © 2015,

Contrasting Muscle Motion • Abduction: movement of a limb away from the midline of

© Cengage Learning Contrasting Muscle Motion © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. (continues)

Contrasting Muscle Motion • Flexion: decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a

© Cengage Learning Contrasting Muscle Motion © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Rotation and Circumduction • Rotation: a circular movement around an axis such as the

© Cengage Learning Rotation and Circumduction © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Supination and Pronation • Supination: the act of rotating the arm or leg so

© Cengage Learning Supination and Pronation © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion • Dorsiflexion: the movement that bends the foot upward at

© Cengage Learning Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Key Word Parts and Definitions • bi– twice, double, two • -cele – hernia,

Key Word Parts and Definitions • fibr/o – fibrous tissue, fiber • -ia –

Key Word Parts and Definitions • my/o – muscle • -plegia – paralysis, stroke

Key Word Parts and Definitions • ten/o, tendin/o – tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

Questions © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Question The largest muscle in the human body is found in the buttocks. True

Answer True. The gluteus maximus in the buttocks is the largest muscle in the

Question How many muscles are required to raise your eyebrows? a. 15 b. 8

Answer c. 30 © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Question Pronation is the act of rotating the arm so that the palm of

Answer False. Supination is the act of rotating the arm so that the palm

Question Singultus is the medical term for: a. A facial tick b. Hiccups c.

Answer b. Hiccups © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Answers to Learning Exercises © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 4 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 4. 1. -ia 4. 2. fasci/o 4.

Chapter 4 Answers Definitions 4. 16. skeletal 4. 17. heel spur 4. 18. supination

Chapter 4 Answers Which Word? 4. 31. strain 4. 32. neuromuscular blocker 4. 33.

Chapter 4 Answers Abbreviation Identification 4. 41. carpal tunnel syndrome 4. 42. deep tendon

Chapter 4 Answers Sentence Completion 4. 51. epicondylitis 4. 52. flexion 4. 53. intermittent

Chapter 4 Answers True/False 4. 61. True 4. 62. False 4. 63. True 4.

Chapter 4 Answers Which Is the Correct Medical Term? 4. 76. dystrophy 4. 77.

Chapter 4 Answers Labeling Exercises 4. 91. flexion 4. 92. extension 4. 93. abduction

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Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscles: • Attached to bones of the skeleton • Make body motions possible • Voluntary muscles • Striated muscles (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Muscle Tissue Smooth muscles: • Located in walls of internal organs, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands • Move and control the flow of fluids through these structures • Involuntary, unstriated, and visceral muscles (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Muscle Contraction and Relaxation • Muscle innervation: stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve • Neuromuscular: pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Contrasting Muscle Motion • Abduction: movement of a limb away from the midline of the body • Adduction: movement of a limb toward the midline of the body (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Contrasting Muscle Motion • Flexion: decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint • Extension: increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb • Hyperextension: the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Rotation and Circumduction • Rotation: a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint • Circumduction: the circular movement at the far end of a limb (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Supination and Pronation • Supination: the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward • Pronation: the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion • Dorsiflexion: the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle • Plantar flexion: the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Key Word Parts and Definitions • bi– twice, double, two • -cele – hernia, tumor, swelling • dys– bad, difficult, or painful • fasci/o – fascia, fibrous band (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Key Word Parts and Definitions • fibr/o – fibrous tissue, fiber • -ia – abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium • -ic – pertaining to • kines/o, kinesi/o – movement (continues) © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 4 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 4. 1. -ia 4. 2. fasci/o 4. 3. fibr/o 4. 4. -cele 4. 5. kines/o, kinesi/o 4. 6. tax/o 4. 7. my/o 4. 8. -rrhexis 4. 9. tend/o 4. 10. ton/o Matching Muscle Directions and Positions 4. 11. transverse 4. 12. sphincter 4. 13. oblique 4. 14. rectus 4. 15. lateralis © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 4 Answers Definitions 4. 16. skeletal 4. 17. heel spur 4. 18. supination 4. 19. bradykinesia 4. 20. physiatrist 4. 21. myofascial 4. 22. tendon 4. 23. adhesion Definitions 4. 24. paraplegia 4. 25. tenodesis 4. 26. myocardial 4. 27. gluteus maximus 4. 28. tendon 4. 29. deltoid 4. 30. sphincter © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 4 Answers Which Word? 4. 31. strain 4. 32. neuromuscular blocker 4. 33. dystonia 4. 34. impingement syndrome 4. 35. deltoid Spelling Counts 4. 36. antispasmodic 4. 37. singultus 4. 38. gravis 4. 39. ganglion 4. 40. pronation © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 4 Answers Abbreviation Identification 4. 41. carpal tunnel syndrome 4. 42. deep tendon reflexes 4. 43. range of motion 4. 44. repetitive stress disorder 4. 45. spinal cord injury Term Selection 4. 46. myorrhexis 4. 47. myolysis 4. 48. hyperkinesia 4. 49. hamstring 4. 50. myofascial release © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 4 Answers Sentence Completion 4. 51. epicondylitis 4. 52. flexion 4. 53. intermittent claudication 4. 54. myoparesis 4. 55. spasmodic torticollis Word Surgery 4. 56. electr/o, my/o, -graphy 4. 57. hyper-, kines, -ia 4. 58. my/o, clon, -us 4. 59. poly-, myos, -itis 4. 60. sarc/o, -penia © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 4 Answers True/False 4. 61. True 4. 62. False 4. 63. True 4. 64. False 4. 65. False Clinical Conditions 4. 66. ganglion cyst 4. 67. myocele 4. 68. atrophy 4. 69. hypotonia 4. 70. chronic fatigue 4. 71. Achilles tendinitis 4. 72. myalgia 4. 73. shin splint 4. 74. quadriplegia 4. 75. hemiparesis © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 4 Answers Which Is the Correct Medical Term? 4. 76. dystrophy 4. 77. carpal tunnel release 4. 78. adduction 4. 79. myotomy 4. 80. dorsiflexion Challenge Word Building 4. 81. myopathy 4. 82. polymyalgia 4. 83. myonecrosis 4. 84. fasciorrhaphy 4. 85. polymyectomy 4. 86. fasciodesis 4. 87. myocarditis 4. 88. fasciectomy 4. 89. herniorrhaphy 4. 90. sphincterotomy © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 4 Answers Labeling Exercises 4. 91. flexion 4. 92. extension 4. 93. abduction 4. 94. adduction 4. 95. pronation 4. 96. supination 4. 97. dorsiflexion 4. 98. plantar flexion 4. 99. circumduction 4. 100. rotation © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.