The muscles of limbs The muscles of upper

四肢肌 The muscles of limbs

上肢肌 The muscles of upper limb are divided into: The muscles of shoulder arm forearm hand

1 肩肌 Muscles of shoulder (pectoral girdle) Deltoid p 冈上肌 Supraspinatus p 冈下肌 Infraspinatus p 小圆肌 Teres minor p 大圆肌 Teres major p 肩胛下肌 Subscapularis p 三角肌

1) 三角肌 Deltoid p Origin: -- lateral one-third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula p Insertion: -- deltoid tuberosity of humerus p Action: -- abducts the arm; -- anterior part may flexes and medically rotates the arm -- posterior part may extends and laterally rotates arm

2) 大圆肌 Teres major p p p Origin: -- dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula Insertion: -- crest of lesser tubercle of humerus Action: -- medially rotates and adducts arm

3) 冈上肌 Supraspinatus p Action: -- abducts the arm 4) 冈下肌 Infraspinatus Action: -- laterally rotates arm 5) 小圆肌 Teres minor p Action: p -- laterally rotates arm 6) 肩胛下肌 Subscapularis p Action: -- medially rotates and adducts arm

2 臂肌 Muscles of arm p 前群 Anterior group Biceps brachii n 喙肱肌 Coracobrachialis n 肱肌 Brachialis n 肱二头肌 p 后群 Posterior group n 肱三头肌 Triceps brachii

1) 肱二头肌 Biceps brachii p p Origin: long head -- supraglenoid tubercle short head -- coracoid process Insertion: -- radial tuberosity p Action: -- supinator of forearm, -- flexor of elbow joint, -- weak flexor of should joint

2) 喙肱肌 Coracobrachialis □ Action: flexes and adducts the arm at the should joint -- 3) 肱肌 Brachialis □ Action: -- flexor of elbow joint

4) 肱三头肌 Triceps brachii Origin: long head -- infraglenoid tubercle lateral head -- above groove for radial n. medial head -- below groove for radial n. p Insertion: p -- olecranon of ulna p Action: -- extends elbow joint -- long head can extend adduct shoulder joint

3 前臂肌 Muscles of forearm 前群 Anterior group (9) p 浅层 Superficial layer 1）肱桡肌 Brachioradialis 2）旋前圆肌 Pronator teres 3）桡侧腕屈肌 Flexor carpi radialis 4）掌长肌 Palmaris longus 5）尺侧腕屈肌 Flexor carpi ulnaris

☆ 旋前圆肌 Pronator teres p p p Origin: -- medical epicondyle of humerus -- deep fascia of forearm Insertion: -- middle of lateral surface of radius Action: -- pronation of forearm

第二层 Second layer 6）指浅屈肌 Flexor digitorum superficialis p 第三层 Third layer 7）指深屈肌 Flexor digitorum profundus 8）拇长屈肌 Flexor pollicis longus p 第四层 Fourth layer 9）旋前方肌 pronator quadratus p Action: -- flex radiocarpal joint and fingers -- pronate forearm

后群 Posterior group (10) 浅层 Superficial layer (5) 1）桡侧腕长伸肌 Extensor carpi radialis longus 2）桡侧腕短伸肌 Extensor carpi radialis brevis 3）指伸肌 Extensor digitorum 4）小指伸肌 Extensor digiti minimi 5）尺侧腕屈肌 Extensor carpi ulnaris p

p 深层 Deep layer (5) 6）旋后肌 Supinator 7）拇长展肌 Abductor pollicis longus 8）拇短伸肌 Extensor pollicis brevis 9）拇长伸肌 Extensor pollicis longus 10）示指伸肌 Extensor indicis Action: -- extend radiocapral joint and fingers, -- supinate forearm

☆ 旋后肌 Supinator p Origin: -- lateral epicondyle of humerus and upper part of lateral border of ulna Insertion: -- upper one-third of anterior surface of the shaft of radius p Action: -- supination of forearm p

4 手肌 Muscles of hand ☆ 外侧群 Lateral group－ 鱼际 thenar 1) 拇短展肌 Abductor pollicis brevis 2) 拇短屈肌 Flexor pollicis brevis 3) 拇对掌肌 Opponens pollicis 4) 拇收肌 p Adductor pollicis Action: flex, abduct, adduct and oppose thumb

☆ 内侧群 Medial group－小鱼际 hypothenar 5）小指展肌 Abductor digiti minimi 6）小指短屈肌 Flexor digiti minimi brevis 7）小指对掌肌 Opponens digiti minimi p Action: flex, abduct , and oppose little finger

☆ 中间群 Intermedial group 8) 蚓状肌 Lumbricales (4) flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints 9) 骨间掌侧肌 Palmar interossei (3) － adduct fingers towards middle finger 10) 骨间背侧肌 Dorsal interossei (4) －abduct fingers away from middle finger

下肢肌 The muscles of lower limb are divided into: Hip The muscles of Thigh Leg foot

1 髋肌 The muscles of Hip (pelvic girdle) ☆ 前群 Anterior group 1）髂腰肌 Iliopsoas 腰大肌 Psoas major ◇ Origin -- 起自椎体侧面和横突 髂肌 Iliacus -- 起自髂窝 ◇ Insertion -- 股骨小转子lesser trochanter

◇ Action： -- flexes the thigh and rotate thigh laterally 下肢固定时，可使躯干和骨盆前屈 2） 阔筋膜张肌 tensor fasciae latae -- 使阔筋膜紧张并屈髋

☆ 后群 Posterior group 1）臀大肌 Gluteus Maximus ◇ Action： -- extend the thigh and rotate thigh laterally -- 使大腿后伸和外旋 2）梨状肌 Piriformis ◇ Action： -- rotate and abduct the thigh laterally -- 外旋外展大腿

3）臀中肌 Gluteus medius 4）臀小肌 Gluteus minimus ◇ Gluteus medius Action： -- abdcut the thigh 5）闭孔内肌 Obturator piriformis Obturator inernus internus 6） 股方肌 Quadratus femoris 7） 闭孔外肌 Obturator externus ◇ Action： -- rotate thigh laterally Gluteas minimus

2 大腿肌 The muscles of thigh ☆ 前群 Anterior group 1） 缝匠肌 Sartorius n Origin: -- anterior superior iliac spine n Insertion: -- the upper part of the medial surface of the tibia n Action： -- flexes the thigh and the leg -- When the knee is flexed, it medially rotates the leg

2）股四头肌 Quadriceps Femoris □ 股直肌 Rectus femoris □ 股外侧肌 Vastus lateralis □ 股内侧肌 Vastus medialis □ 股中间肌 Vastus intermedius Rectus femoris: ◇ Origin: -- anterior inferior iliac spine Vastus medialis: -- medial lip of linea aspera

Vastus lateralis: ◇ Origin: -- lateral lip of linea aspera Vastus intermedius: -- anterior surface of femur ◇ Insertion: -- tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament ◇ Action： -- extend the leg ; -- rectus femoris also flexes the thigh

☆ 内侧群 Medial group 1）耻骨肌 Pectineus 2）长收肌 Adductor longus Adductor brevis 4）股薄肌 Gracilis 5）大收肌 Adductor magnus 3）短收肌 ◇ Action： -- Adduct and rotate thigh laterally

☆ 后群 posterior group 1）股二头肌 Biceps Femoris ◇ Action： -- extend the thigh and flexes the leg -- 伸大腿，屈小腿，可使小腿稍旋外 2）半腱肌 Semitendinosus 3） 半膜肌 Semimembranosus ◇ Action： -- extend the thigh and flexes the leg -- 伸大腿，屈小腿，，使小腿稍旋内

3 小腿肌 The muscles of leg ☆ 前群 Anterior group 1）胫骨前肌 Tibialis anterior 使足内翻 Invert the foot 2）趾长伸肌 Extensor digitorum longus 伸 1 -4足趾 extend 1 -4 toes 3） 长伸肌 Extensor hallucis longus 伸 趾 extend the big toes ★ Action of anterior group： -- Dorsiflex of ankle joint

☆ 外侧群 lateral group 1）腓骨长肌 Peroneus longus 2）腓骨短肌 Peroneus brevis ★ Action： -- plantar flexes the ankle and the eversion of foot -- 跖屈踝关节，并使足外翻

☆ 后群肌 The posterior group 浅层 Superficial layer ① 小腿三头肌 Triceps surae 腓肠肌 Gastrocnemius 比目鱼肌 Soleus 跟腱 Tendo calcaneus ★ Action： -- plantar flex the ankle， -- Gastrocnemius also flex the leg

深层 deep layer ② 腘 肌 Popliteus ◇ ③ Action: flex leg and rotate the leg medially 长屈肌 Flexor hallucis longus ◇ Action -- plantar flexes ankle joint, flexes the big toe ④ 趾长屈肌 Flexor digitorum longus ◇ Action -- flexes lateral four toes, plantar flexes foot ⑤ 胫骨后肌 Tibialis posterior ◇ Action -- plantar flexes and inverts foot

4 足肌 The muscles of foot ☆ 足背肌 The muscles on the dorsum of foot 1) 趾短伸肌 extensor digitorum brevis -- extense the 2 -4 toe. 2) 拇短伸肌 extensor hallucis brevis -- extense the big toe.

☆ 足底肌 The muscles on the sole 内侧群 Medial group 1) 展肌 Abductor hallucis 2) 短屈肌 Flexor hallucis brevis 3) 收肌 Adductor hallucis

中间群 intermediate group 1) 趾短屈肌 Flexor digitorum brevis 2) 足底方肌 Quadratus plantae 3) 蚓状肌 Lumbricalis 4) 骨间肌 Interosseous m.

外侧群 Lateral group 1) 小指展肌 Abductor digiti minimi 2) 小指短屈肌 Flexor digiti minimi brevis ★ Action： Action -- collectively they are significant in posture and locomotion，and mainly support the arches of the foot.