The muscles of limbs SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu

The muscles of limbs 。 SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu

The muscles of upper limb are divided into: The muscles of shoulder arm forearm hand

Muscles of shoulder Deltoid Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Subscapularis

Muscles of shoulder Deltoid n Origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula n Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus n Action: abducts the arm; anterior part may flexes and medically rotates the arm and the posterior part extends and laterally rotates arm

Muscles of shoulder Teres major n n n Origin: dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus Action: medially rotates and adducts arm

Muscles of arm n Antererior group q q q Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis Brachialis

Biceps brachii Origin: long n n head, supraglenoid tubercle; short head, coracoid process Insertion: radical tuberosity Action: supinator of forearm, flexor of elbow joint, weak flexor of should joint

Muscles of arm Posterior group: Triceps brachii n n n Origin: long head, infraglenoid tubercle; lateral head, above groove for radical n. , medical head, below groove for radical n. Insertion: olecranon of ulna Action: extends elbow joint), long head can extend adduct shoulder joint

Muscles of forearm Anterior group (9) n Superficial layer q Brachioradialis q Pronator teres q Flexor carpi radialis q Palmaris longus q Flexor carpi ulnaris

Pronator teres n n n Origin: medical epicondyle of humerus and deep fascia of forearm Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius Action: pronation of forearm

Muscles of forearm n Second layer－ flexor digitorum superficials

n Third layer q q n Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Fourth layer－ pronator quadratus Action: flex radiocarpal joint and fingers, pronate forearm

Posterior group (10) Superficial layer (5) q q Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Deep layer (5) n n Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis Action: extend radiocapral joint and fingers, and supinate forearm

Supinator n n n Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and upper part of lateral border of ulna Insertion: upper third of anterior surface of radius Action: supination of forearm

Muscles of hand n Lateral group－thenar q Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Adductor pollicis Action: flex, abduct, adduct and oppose thumb

Muscles of hand n Medial group－hypothenar q q q n Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Opponens digiti minimi Action: flex, abduct , and oppose little finger

Intermedial group n n n Lumbricales (4)－ flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints Palmar interossei (3)－ adduct fingers towards middle finger Dorsal interossei (3)－ abduct fingers away from middle finger

The muscles of lower limb are divided into: The muscles of Hip Thigh Leg foot

一、The muscles of Hip （一）Anterior group 1、Iliopsoas Psoas major Iliacus lesser trochanter Action：flexes the thigh and rotate thigh laterally。 2、tensor fasciae latae

（二）posterior group 1、 Gluteus Maximus Action： extend the thigh and rotate thigh laterally 2、 Piriformis Action： rotate and abduct the thigh laterally Piriformis

Gluteus medius piriformis Gluteus minimus Action：abdut the thigh Obturator internus Quadratus femoris Obturator externus Obturator inernus Quadratus femoris rotate thigh laterally Gluteas minimus

二、 The muscles of thigh （一）Anterior group 1、Sartorius n. Origin spine : anterior superior iliac n. Insertion : the upper part of the medial surface of the tibia Action： flexes the thigh and the leg ， When the knee is flexed, it medially rotates the leg. 2、Quadriceps Femoris Rectus femoris Vastue lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus untermedius

二、 The muscles of thigh 2、Quadriceps Femoris Origin: Rectus femoris: anterior inferior iliac spine Vastus medialis: medial lip of linea aspera Vastus lateralis: lateral lip of linea aspera Vastus intermedius: anterior surface of femur Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Action： extend the leg ; rectus femoris also flexes the thigh

（二）Medial group Adduct and rotate thigh laterally Adductor bravis Addcor magnus Pectineus m. Adductor longus Gracilis m.

（三）posterior group 1、 Biceps Femoris Action： extend the thigh and flexes the leg 2、 Semitendinosus 3、Semimembranosus Action： extend the thigh and flexes the leg

三、The muscles of leg （一）Anterior group Tibialis anterior Invert the foot Extensor digitorum longus extend 1 -4 toes Extensor hallucis longus extend the big toes Action of anterior group：Dorsiflex of ankle joint

三、 The muscles of leg （二）lateral group Action： plantar flexes the ankle and the eversion of foot Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis

（三）The posterior group 1、Superficial layer Triceps surae Gastrocnemius Soleus Action：plantar flexe the ankle， Tendo calcaneus Gastrocnemius also flex the leg

1、deep layer: consists of 4 muscles. Popliteus Action: flex leg and rotate the leg medially Flexor hallucis longus Action: plantarflex ankle joint and flexes the big toe Flexor digitorum longus Action: flexes lateral four toes, plantarflexes foot Tibialis posterior Action: plantarflexes and inverts foot

四、The muscles of foot 足肌 （一）The muscles on the dorsum of foot extensor digitorum brevis ：extense the 2 -4 toe. extensor hallucis brevis：extense the big toe.

四、The muscles of foot （一）The muscles of the sole 1. Medial group 内侧组 Abductor hallucis Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor hallucis brevis Abductor hallucis

四、The muscles of foot （一）The muscles of the sole Adductor hallucis 1. Medial group Abductor hallucis Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis

四、The muscles of foot （一）The muscles of the sole 2. intermediate group Flexor digitorum brevis Quadratus plantae Lumbricalis Interosseous m. Lumbricalis Flexor digitorum brevis

四、The muscles of foot （一）The muscles of the sole 2. intermediate group Flexor digitorum brevis Quadratus plantae Lumbricalis Interosseous m. Quadratus plantae

四、The muscles of foot （一）The muscles of the sole 2. intermediate group plantar interosseous m Flexor digitorum brevis Quadratus plantae Lumbricalis Interosseous m. dorsal plantar interosseous m. dorsal interosseous m.

四、The muscles of foot （一）The muscles of the sole 3. lateral group Flexor digiti minimi brevis Abducentor digiti minimi Action：collectively they are sigificant in posture and locomotion， and mainly support the arches of the foot.