The Moon Aim Does the moon actually change

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The Moon Aim: Does the moon actually change shape?

The Moon Aim: Does the moon actually change shape?

Why does the moon have so many craters? Earth was hit by the impactors

Why does the moon have so many craters? Earth was hit by the impactors too but we have weather, water, erosion, plants, plate tectonics that changes our surface. The moon does not have an atmosphere or water so its surface stays the same.

This footprint made on July 21, 1969 is still there.

This footprint made on July 21, 1969 is still there.

Lunar Motions The apparent daily motion of the moon is from east to west.

Lunar Motions The apparent daily motion of the moon is from east to west. As the moon makes one revolution around the Earth, it also makes one rotation on its axis. This is why we always see the same side of the moon (the same side of the moon is always facing the Earth)

Moon Terms Sidereal Month – It takes the moon 27 1/3 days to complete

Moon Terms Sidereal Month – It takes the moon 27 1/3 days to complete one revolution (orbit) around the Earth. Synodic Month – The time required for the moon to complete a cycle of phases is 29 ½ days.

INTERESTING FACT: The word month comes from moonth since people used celestial observations for

INTERESTING FACT: The word month comes from moonth since people used celestial observations for time.

Our closest neighbor in space… What have you noticed about the moon over a

Our closest neighbor in space… What have you noticed about the moon over a monthly cycle? The moon seems to change its shape!

It’s a Phase they go through The amount of lighted side we can see

It’s a Phase they go through The amount of lighted side we can see from earth varies as the moon revolves around us during one month in a cyclic pattern.

The moon is always half lit and half dark – every round object in

The moon is always half lit and half dark – every round object in space is! From Earth, we only see a portion of the lit side

Moon’s Rotation = Moon Revolution Rotation Period = 27. 3 days Revolution Period =

Moon’s Rotation = Moon Revolution Rotation Period = 27. 3 days Revolution Period = 27. 3 days Moon shows the same “face” to the Earth Velocity = 360 /27. 3 days = 13 per day

Phases”) Moon’s Positions (or “Phases New moon – the entire lit portion of the

Phases”) Moon’s Positions (or “Phases New moon – the entire lit portion of the moon is facing AWAY from the earth; no light visible Full moon – the entire lit portion of the moon is facing TOWARD the earth

Waxing: the RIGHT portion of the moon seems to GROW. Waning: the LEFT portion

Waxing: the RIGHT portion of the moon seems to GROW. Waning: the LEFT portion of the moon seems to SHRINK

Waxing vs. Waning Waxing phases are when the amount of lighted side we see

Waxing vs. Waning Waxing phases are when the amount of lighted side we see increases each night First light on right – from new to full Waning phases are when the amount of lighted side we see decreases each night Last light left – from full to new

Crescent vs. Gibbous Crescent Moons – phases where you can see less than half

Crescent vs. Gibbous Crescent Moons – phases where you can see less than half of the bright side Gibbous Moons – phases where you can see more than half of the bright side

Phases of the Moon The general locations and orientations for the phases of the

Phases of the Moon The general locations and orientations for the phases of the moon. (7) Third Quarter (8) Waning Crescent Sunlight Earth (1) New Moon Earth spins on its axis in the same direction as the moon’s orbit. (6) Waning Gibbous (5) Full Moon (2) Waxing Crescent (4) Waxing Gibbous (3) First Quarter

What part of the moon will we see? How much of the moon’s face

What part of the moon will we see? How much of the moon’s face does the person see? Sunlight Earth (1) New Moon NEW MOON Wherever the person looks all they see is shadowed moon. What time of day is it for the observer? Noon!!

More phases How much of the moon’s face does the person see? Sunlight Earth

More phases How much of the moon’s face does the person see? Sunlight Earth (2) Waxing Crescent WAXING CRESCENT When you look up you see only a small crescent brightly lit. (Right Side) What time of day is it for the observer? 3 PM!!

The next phase… How much of the moon’s face does the person see? Sunlight

The next phase… How much of the moon’s face does the person see? Sunlight FIRST QUARTER When you look up you see one half of the front face of the Moon brightly lit. (Right side) Earth (3) First Quarter What time of day is it for the observer? Sunset - 6 PM!!

And the next phase… How much of the moon’s face does the person see?

And the next phase… How much of the moon’s face does the person see? Sunlight Earth (4) Waxing WAXING GIBBOUS When you look up you see only a small crescent, darkly shadowed, on the left. Gibbous What time of day is it for the observer? 9 PM!!

It’s becoming clear… How much of the moon’s face does the person see? Sunlight

It’s becoming clear… How much of the moon’s face does the person see? Sunlight Earth (5) Full Moon FULL MOON When you look up you see the entire face of the Moon brightly lit. What time of day is it for the observer? Midnight-12 AM!!

Hey, what’s happening… How much of the moon’s face does the person see? Sunlight

Hey, what’s happening… How much of the moon’s face does the person see? Sunlight WANING GIBBOUS When you look up you see only a small crescent, darkly shadowed, on the right. (6) Waning Gibbous Earth What time of day is it for the observer? 3 AM!!

I’m melting…I mean shrinking… How much of the moon’s face does the person see?

I’m melting…I mean shrinking… How much of the moon’s face does the person see? (7) Third Quarter Sunlight Earth THIRD QUARTER When you look up you see one half of the front face of the Moon brightly lit. (Left side) What time of day is it for the observer? Sunrise - 6 AM!!

Soon I’ll be gone… How much of the moon’s face does the person see?

Soon I’ll be gone… How much of the moon’s face does the person see? (8) Waning Crescent Sunlight Earth WANING CRESCENT When you look up you see only a small crescent brightly lit. (Left Side) What time of day is it for the observer? 9 AM!!

Aim: How does the movement of our moon affect us?

Aim: How does the movement of our moon affect us?

Eclipse – blocked from view

Eclipse – blocked from view

What types of Eclipses are there? Solar Eclipses – the sun is blocked from

What types of Eclipses are there? Solar Eclipses – the sun is blocked from view The moon gets between sun and earth The sun’s light is completely blocked by the moon Can only happen during new moon phase but not every time, because moon’s orbit is tilted

Solar Eclipse Animation

Solar Eclipse Animation

Solar Eclipse Animation

Solar Eclipse Animation

Partial Eclipse Animation

Partial Eclipse Animation

The next total solar eclipse in New York will be 8/21/2017 Mark your calendars

The next total solar eclipse in New York will be 8/21/2017 Mark your calendars now!!!

Lunar Eclipses – the moon is blocked from view Occurs when full moon passes

Lunar Eclipses – the moon is blocked from view Occurs when full moon passes into Earth’s shadow and is temporarily blocked from view.

Sunlight is bent around Earth through our atmosphere. Mainly red light reaches the moon,

Sunlight is bent around Earth through our atmosphere. Mainly red light reaches the moon, so the totally eclipsed moon appears to have a reddish color.

How often do we have eclipses? About 7 eclipses during every year The orbit

How often do we have eclipses? About 7 eclipses during every year The orbit of the moon is not in the same plane as the orbit of Earth around the sun The moon’s orbit is tilted 5° to Earth’s orbit This is why we do not have total eclipses so frequently

Moon may appear larger when closer

Moon may appear larger when closer

Moon’s Effect on Tides Gravitational attraction pulls on Earth’s water creating a cycle of

Moon’s Effect on Tides Gravitational attraction pulls on Earth’s water creating a cycle of high and low tides

Spring Tides During the new moon and the full moon Earth, the sun, and

Spring Tides During the new moon and the full moon Earth, the sun, and the moon are aligned The combined gravitational pull of the sun and the moon results in higher high tides and lower low tides The daily tidal range is greatest during the new and full moon periods

Neap Tides During the first-quarter moon and third-quarter moon Earth, the sun, and the

Neap Tides During the first-quarter moon and third-quarter moon Earth, the sun, and the moon are at right angles The combined gravitational pull of the sun and the moon work against each other The daily tidal range is small during this period

Two high tides and Two low tides Every day cycle because earth rotates into

Two high tides and Two low tides Every day cycle because earth rotates into and out of high water

Cycle of tides Spring Tide NOT the Season !!! Highest high tide when sun-earth-moon

Cycle of tides Spring Tide NOT the Season !!! Highest high tide when sun-earth-moon aligned During full and new moon positions only Neap Tide Lowest high tide when sun-earth-moon at right angles During quarter phases only