The Mongols Geography Asian Steppe dry grasslands receives

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The Mongols

The Mongols

Geography � Asian Steppe (dry grasslands) ◦ receives little rainfall ◦ short, & hard

Geography � Asian Steppe (dry grasslands) ◦ receives little rainfall ◦ short, & hard grasses are good for grazing � Served as a trade route connecting east and west

Culture � Pastoralists (herders of domestic animals) � Nomadic (followed seasonal migration pattern)

Culture � Pastoralists (herders of domestic animals) � Nomadic (followed seasonal migration pattern)

Culture � Depended on animals for food, housing, & clothing � Traveled in familial

Culture � Depended on animals for food, housing, & clothing � Traveled in familial clans

Culture � Frequently fought over territory � Traded horses w/ settled groups & occasionally

Culture � Frequently fought over territory � Traded horses w/ settled groups & occasionally raided settled communities for other necessities � Rarely imposed their way of life on conquered peoples, & they sometimes assimilated to the conquered culture

Check Point �Which area receives little rainfall and has short, hard grasses that are

Check Point �Which area receives little rainfall and has short, hard grasses that are good for grazing? �Who herds domestic animals? �The Mongols traveled in what types of clans? �What did the Mongols frequently fight over? �What item did the Mongols trade with settled communities? �The Mongols rarely imposed their way of life on conquered peoples. They sometimes _________to the conquered culture.

Genghis Khan � United the Mongol clans around 1200 � 1206, accepted the name

Genghis Khan � United the Mongol clans around 1200 � 1206, accepted the name Genghis Khan, meaning “universal ruler” � Led Mongols for 21 years to conquer much of Asia � His successors created the largest unified land in history until that point (expanded in Asia)

Trade � Asian steppe - trade route between east & west � The “Pax

Trade � Asian steppe - trade route between east & west � The “Pax Mongolica” (Mongol Peace) lasted from mid-1200 s to mid-1300 s & guaranteed safe passage through the empire for traders, missionaries, & travelers

Check Point � Who united the Mongol clans around 1200? � What does the

Check Point � Who united the Mongol clans around 1200? � What does the name Genghis Khan mean? � Which part of the world did Genghis Khan and the Mongols conquer? � What did Genghis Khan’s successors create? � Which area served as a trade route between the east and the west? � What does “Pax Mongolica” mean? � During the “Pax Mongolica, ” the Mongols guaranteed safe travel through the empire for which three groups of people?

Impact on Russia � 1240 - Mongols invaded Kiev under leadership of Batu Khan

Impact on Russia � 1240 - Mongols invaded Kiev under leadership of Batu Khan (grandson of Genghis Khan)

Impact on Russia � Mongols ruled Russia for 200 years � Russians could follow

Impact on Russia � Mongols ruled Russia for 200 years � Russians could follow their local customs, & tolerated Christianity � demanded absolute obedience & massive tributes from Russians � 1156 - Moscow was founded; princes in Moscow gained power by helping the Mongols suppress Russian revolts. � In 1480, Ivan III began to refuse to pay tribute to Mongols & eventually freed Moscow

Impact on China � Kublai Khan (1215 -1294) came to power in 1260. �

Impact on China � Kublai Khan (1215 -1294) came to power in 1260. � Attacked & overwhelmed China in 1279, founding the Yuan Dynasty. � Kublai Khan united China & opened it to foreign trade. � He tolerated Chinese culture & made few changes to Chinese system of government. � Chinese were kept out of high offices, but were used to rule at local level. � He led a period of increased trade & encouraged foreigners to visit.

Control over Russia & China Why would allowing conquered people to practice their local

Control over Russia & China Why would allowing conquered people to practice their local customs help the Mongols maintain control of their territories?

Marco Polo 1254 - 1354 � Venetian trader who arrived in China in 1275

Marco Polo 1254 - 1354 � Venetian trader who arrived in China in 1275 � Spoke several Asian languages & worked for Kublai Khan for 17 years � When he returned to Europe, he wrote and published stories of his travels (many doubted their truth)

Check Point � What did the Mongols demand from the Russians? � In 1480,

Check Point � What did the Mongols demand from the Russians? � In 1480, who refused to pay tribute to the Mongols and eventually ended Mongol rule? � Who came to power in China in 1260? � Kublai Khan founded which Chinese dynasty? � What is one accomplishment of Kublai Khan and the Yuan dynasty? � Which Venetian trader arrived in China in 1275? � What did Polo do when he returned to Europe?