The Mongol Empire Grade 7 The Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire Grade 7

The Mongol Empire 4 regions or khanates – Mongolia and China – Central Asia – Persia – Russia

Genghis Khan and the Mongols • Mongols lived in Northern china. – Encouraged the skill of battle into its people. – They were great horsemen • Could cover 100 miles a day. • Special saddles and steel stirrups. – Enabled a high rate of bow and arrow fire. – Surround their enemies, shower them with arrows. – Mongols started their conquest in 1206.

CONTINUED. . • REAL NAME: TEMUJIN (Genghis khan – means strong ruler) • HE SET OUT TO UNIFTY THE MONGOL CLANS • HE CREATED A NEW LEGAL CODE AND MONGOL LAWS • HE CREATED AN ARMY OF 100, 000 WARRIORS CALLED UNITS AND CLAN CHIEFS TO HELP HIM PLAN BATTLES • GENGh. IS KHAN INVADED parts of asia AND had 21 years of conquest • KNOWN FOR HIS USE OF TERROR AND CRUEL FIGHTING METHODS – MANY SURRENDERED WITHOUT FIGHTING

Ghengis Khan • • Ghenghis Khan lived from 11621227. They easily conquered cnetral asia and most of Persia(Bagadad), Tibet and southeast asia Failed to invade Japan………. Storm stopped them……Divine wind. Batu, grandson to Ghenghis invaded Europe in 1240. – Controlled Russia, Poland, and Hungary. • Typically they plundered the city and enslaved or killed the people living there. • Europeans called them the Golden Horde (color of tents)

Kublai Khan • Kublai dynasty was called the Yuan. Lasted about 100 years – Covered most of northern china, headquartered in Beijing. – Under the Mongols China prospered. • Population began to grow. • Extended the Grand canal. • Started trade routes to the south

KUBLAI KHAN • HIS CAPITAL CITY: (BEIJING) • IN 1271 C. E. – KUBLAI WANTED ALL OF CHINA AND BY 1279 C. E. TOOK OVER ALL OF CHINA AND ENDED THE SONG DYNASTY • MONGOLS ALLOWED RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND BROUGHT WEALTH TO CHINA – TRADED TEA, PORCELAIN, AND SILK FOR CARPETS, COTTON, AND SPICES • MANY MUSLIMS AND EUROPEANS WANTED CHINESE DISCOVERIES • MONGOLS FORCED KOREANS TO BUILD SHIPS AND TRIED TO INVADE JAPAN TWICE BUT LOST DUE TO HUGE STORMS • Failed to conquer Japan • Restored the Grand Canal; built paved highway

Contact with Europeans • King Louis IX and the Pope sent embassadors to China. • Missionaries also traveled there with traders. • Marco Polo, at seventeen, traveled to China. Came from Venice, Italy – Took three years – Kublai employed him as a special representitive. • Stayed in China for 17 years. • Ruled the city of Yangzhou • Wrote book about travels

Mongol / Chinese Relations • Yuan Dynasty did a lot of good for the Chinese, but there were still tensions. – They spoke different languages. – Mongols did not treat the Chinese as equals. – Punishments were harsher for Chinese. – Mongols hired their own leaders and did not mix socially with the Chinese – Did not give civil service tests but allowed some scholarofficials to keep jobs • When Kublai died in 1294. – China experienced many problem, flooding and famine caused revolts. – 1368, the Mongols were forced out.