The Mole Duh duhhhhh Lets Take A Quiz

The Mole Duh duhhhhh…. .

Let’s Take A Quiz Ready? Let’s Go!

What is a mole? • A. ) A blind furry animal. • B. ) A brown mark on your body. • C. ) An important Chemistry concept. • D. ) All of these.

As you may have guessed, D is the correct answer!! Although a mole might be cute and fuzzy, we are going to focus on the Chemistry concept.

A mole is a counting unit. Just like: • • 12 eggs equals a dozen eggs 144 pencils equals one gross of pencils 60 seconds equals one minute 500 sheets of paper equals one ream

One mole equals 6. 022 x 1023 particles • So one mole of eggs would be 6. 022 x 1023 eggs • One mole of pencils would be 6. 022 x 1023 pencils • And so on. . .

Where did the mole come from? • The unit, called the mole (or mol), is defined as the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of the carbon-12 isotope • The number of particles in one mole, 6. 022 x 1023, is known as Avogadro’s constant or number. • This was named after Amedeo Avogadro (1776 -1856) whose ideas were crucial to the early development in Chemistry

6. 022 x 1023 is a very large number! • If we did not use scientific notation to write out 6. 022 x 1023, we would write out 6022 with 20 zeros after it. • Why don’t we try it.

602, 200, 000, 000 Wow that is a BIG number!!

Imagine that we had a mole of gumballs. If all 6 billion people on Earth were to do nothing but count the gumballs in one mole at the rate of one gumball per second, it would take over 3 million years to count all the gumballs!!

What is all of this used for? • Avogadro’s constant can be used to convert an amount of moles into the equivalent number of atoms or grams. • This conversion is similar to changing 8 dozen eggs into the number of individual eggs. • Although this maybe easy to calculate quickly in your head or on your calculator, the following strategy will make it easier for you later in this Chapter.

What is a conversion factor? • A ratio/fraction that allows you to switch between different units without changing the number itself

The mass of one mole of any substance… • Also known as the molar mass • To calculate the molar mass of a compound, find the number of grams of each element then add them together!

Mole Problem Solving Strategy Example: How many eggs are in 8 dozen? • 1. List what you know. (What was given in the problem? ) • 2. Setup the problem. Don’t forget your units and show every step. • 3. NOW, and only now, use your calculator to verify the answer. 1. # of dozen = 8 dozen # of eggs = ? Eggs 2. 8 dozen x =? eggs 8 dozen x 3. 8 x =? eggs = 96 eggs

Looks easy right… Now you try one: How many pencils are in 9 gross? • 1. List what you know. 1. # of gross = 9 gross (What was given in the # of pencils = ? pencils problem? ) 2. • 2. Setup the problem. 9 gross X = ? pencils Don’t forget your units and show every step. 9 gross X = ? pencils • 3. NOW, and only now, use your calculator to verify the 3. 9 x = 1296 answer. pencils

This strategy can also be used with the mole concept. How many atoms are in 3. 5 moles of copper? • 1. The procedure is the 1. # of moles of Cu = 3. 5 mol # of Cu atoms = ? same. List what you know. • 2. Notice that 3. 5 moles is 2. in the numerator and then 3. 5 mol Cu x 1 mol is in the = ? atoms Cu denominator. This allows you to cross out units. 3. 5 mol Cu x • 3. Now calculate the = ? atoms Cu answer. Does it make sense? 3. 5 x = 2. 1 x 1024 atoms Cu

You can also convert from atoms to moles… YEAH!! How many moles are in 3. 01 x 1023 atoms of Sodium? 1. # of Na atoms = 3. 01 x 1023 atoms # of moles of Na = ? 2. 3. 01 x 1023 atoms x = ? mol Na 3. 3. 01 x 1023 x = 0. 500 mol Na

It’s your turn again! How many atoms are in 7. 5 mol of Argon? • Before you start throwing down random numbers. Think about the problem. Should the final answer be bigger or smaller than 6. 022 x 1023? • Since 1 mole is 6. 022 x 1023 atoms, 7. 5 moles has to be a larger number of atoms. • Thinking through the problem before you start it will allow you know if you solved the problem correctly.

Now calculate: How many atoms are in 7. 5 mol of Argon? 1. # of moles of Ar = 7. 5 mol # of atoms of Ar = ? atoms 2. 7. 5 mol Ar x = ? atoms Ar 3. 7. 5 x = 4. 52 x 1024 atoms Ar

Now in small groups try the following practice problems 1. How many atoms are present in 3. 7 mol of sodium? 2. How many atoms are present in 155 mol of arsenic? 3. How many moles of xenon is 5. 66 x 1026 atoms? (pg. 278 practice problems # 1 -3)

If you showed all the steps, the correct answers are: 1. 2. 2 x 1024 Na atoms 2. 9. 33 x 1025 As atoms 3. 940. mol Xe

Here a few mole problem pointers: • THINK about the problem before, after and while you are doing the problem. Does the answer make sense. Don’t just randomly plug in numbers into your calculator. • Follow the setup. Your teacher is not doing this because they are mean. (although you may disagree) This setup is the easiest and best way to always get the correct answer.