The Middle Colonies The Middle Colonies were called

The Middle Colonies

The Middle Colonies were called the “mixture” colonies because of the mixture of people from different nations and the “breadbasket” colonies because they produced so much wheat.

New York

New York ( New Netherlands) Henry Hudson explores present day New York (1609) for the Dutch.

Peter Minuit New Netherlands founded in the Hudson River area (1623 -1624) Established by Dutch West India Company. Manhattan Island is purchased by Company Director Peter Minuit for $24.

New York (New Netherlands) Netherlands Colony is built on fur trading with Americans. Company town run interests of the industry Native stockholders. Dutch supported religious freedom and open trade. in

New York ( New Netherlands) Key Trade Cities: New Amsterdam (New York City) Fort Orange (Albany, New York)

Patroon System To encourage farming in New Netherland, the Dutch granted large parts of lands to a few rich families. Owners of these large estates were called patroons. In return for the grant, the patroon had to get 50 European families to settle on the land.

New York Manors & Land Grants Patroonships

New York English take over – 1664 England Holland are trade rivals. Duke of York takes over colony from Dutch Governor Peter Stuyvesant Harsh ruler Wooden Leg New Amsterdam is renamed New York.

Peter Stuyvesant

Duke of York’s Original Charter

New Amsterdam, 1664

New York

Pennsylvania

William Penn wealthy Englishman. 1660 – attracted to the Quaker faith. Quakers are a persecuted group 1681 he received a grant from king to establish a colony. This settled a debt the king owed his father. Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].

Quakers are persecuted in England: Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England. Believed in equality for all. Wouldn’t take oaths. Pacifists (will not join army) Strict honesty

William Penn sent out paid agents and advertised for settlers his pamphlets were pretty honest (very successful). Called a “Holy Experiment” – Colony is open to all religions. German Pamphlet advertising PA - 1681

Royal Land Grant to Penn

Penn’s Treaty with the Native Americans

Pennsylvania

New Jersey

New Jersey Founding of New Jersey • Duke of York gives land to: – – • • Lord Berkeley Sir George Carteret Land becomes New Jersey Colony has following: – – Freedom of religion Voters who elect a legislature.

New Jersey

Delaware

Delaware • Originally settled by the Swedes and Dutch. • Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610]. • Originally part of Pennsylvania – “Lower Countries. ” • William Penn allows area to break away and form a colony (1704)