THE MIDDLE AGES 476 1500 A D FEUDALISM

THE MIDDLE AGES 476 -1500 A. D. FEUDALISM AND MANOR SYSTEM THE RISE OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH THE CRUSADES

WESTERN EUROPE IN DECLINE • After fall of Roman Empire in 476 A. D. , Western Europe entered a period of political, social, and economic decline. • After the advanced system of law and order developed by the Romans breaks down, bands of armed men roamed the countryside, robbing and killing

IS THE U. S. THE MODERNDAY ROME?

BREAK DOWN • 400 s to 700 A. D. - “Dark Ages, ” Collapse of Roman Civilization. - Barbarians - 800 s- Holy Roman Empire brings stability. - 700 s-1000 A. D. , Vikings ravage Northern Europe, Muslims attack in the south • 1000 -1300 A. D. - “High Middle Ages, ” Kings, Lords, and Knights provide enough stability for society to rebuild and not solely focus on survival. • 1300 -1500 s- “Late Middle Ages, ” Return of wars and Disease setback to recovery: Hundred Years War, Black Death. • 1400 s- The Renaissance- Return of Education, Art, and expansion of scientific knowledge about the world.

MEDIEVAL SOCIETY • The “Middle Ages” or the “Dark Ages” • Medieval- Derives from Latin, meaning “Middle Ages. ” • Period of time where Germanic, Christian, and Roman Traditions are “Culturally Diffused” together.

SPREAD OF GERMANIC CUSTOMS • By 5 th Century, the political void was filled by rural tribes of Europe after the collapse of the Centralized Government of Rome • Germanic Tribes: Saxons, Vandals, Franks, Visogoths, and Ostrogoths form kingdoms • As trade declines, Urban life shifted to the rural communities as people fled the cities for protection • Laws: Rome had the 12 Tables as written laws and advanced court systems, Germanic tribes had unwritten customs; Trial by Ordeals, judicial practice of torture to confirm innocence or guilt

CULTURE SHOCK The Roman Empire The Germanic Tribes • Centralized Government • Diverse groups of people from different cultures living under one system of government • Urban culture, cities at the heart of each province • Roman Catholic • Written system of laws - The Twelve Tables- the punishment fits the crime • Germanic political life was divided into tribes • No idea of country or diversity • Rural culture of farmers, herders, and hunters • Worshipped Pagan Gods • Unwritten laws -Trial by Ordeals- Judicial practice of determining one’s guilt by exposing them to painful tasks

HOW THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM WORKS IN TODAY’S SOCIETY

MEDIEVAL COURT

MEDIEVAL JUSTICE • “Ordeals” reached their height between the 9 th and 13 th centuries. • Were based on a medieval superstition called “iudicium Dei” - the judgment of God. According to this belief, God helped man resolve judicial matters through trials of fire and water . • The ordeal system was only as strong as the superstitious belief underlying it, as people’s belief that God was behind ordeals weakened, so did ordeals’ power to satisfactorily deal with criminal defendants. • In the early 13 th century, Pope Innocent III denounced ordeals on the grounds that ordeals were antithetical to Christian doctrine • As societies become wealthier, superstitions become less necessary. So people abandoned them. This creates the space required for scientific understandings to emerge.

POPES AND KINGS UNITE • In Europe emerged a synthesis of religion, culture, and government often called Christen-dom, a society of Christians • By the 3 rd Century, the Bishop of Rome, The Pope-Latin for Papa, claimed theological control over the church • The influence in politics and government increased dramatically with the collapse of the Roman empire in the 5 th century • Popes and Kings entered a partnership; Church acknowledged Noble’s Divine Right to rule and Nobles protected the church and helped spread the faith

INVADERS • Between 300 -500 A. D. - Barbarians terrorize European countryside and cities- The Germanic Tribes- Anglos, Franks, Visiogoths, Ostrogoths, Saxons- divide up former Roman Empire • 700 -1000 A. D. - Viking, Magyar, and Muslim Invasions contribute to the rise of the Feudal System

FORGING TIES WITH KINGS • • • 481 A. D. The pagan Frankish king Clovis united Frankish and German tribes in modern-day France Converted to Christianity to unify his kingdom in 496 A. D. Forged ties with the Pope- church and Kingdom worked together

EUROPE AND THE MUSLIM WORLD • Islam appeared in 622 A. D. • Quickly spreads across the Byzantine Empire and weakening Christianity’s hold in Mid-East and North Africa • By 661 A. D. Muslim Armies threaten Europe • Causing Fear and Anxiety • Germanic Kings unite with Catholic Church, providing support for each other’s rule

POPES AND KINGS UNITE • Charles “The Hammer” Martel- 688 -741 Defeats Muslim Invasion in Battle of Tours-732

CHARLES “THE HAMMER” MARTEL 688 -741 A. D. • Founder of the Carolingian dynasty • Great Calvary General • Established Fiefs- granting lands to noblemen in exchange for knights and supplies for battle • Seized property of the church to pay for his army • Defeated the Moors- Muslims from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732, one of the most important battles in history • Stops Muslim Invasion of Europe

BATTLE OF TOURS 732 A. D.

PEPIN THE SHORT 714 -768 A. D. Son of Charles Martel He was actually short! Obtained support of the pope to claim the title of King of the Franks in 751 A. D. In exchange he swore to protect the church and reclaim church territory seized by a pagan Germanic tribe called the Lombards who threatened to invade the church’s lands in Rome Defeated the Lombards in 755 A. D. Solidified bond between the Papacy and future Carolingian rulers

CHARLEMAGNE “CHARLES THE GREAT”

CHARLEMAGNE (768 -814 A. D. ) “THE LEBRON JAMES OF MEDIEVAL POLITICS” • • Son of Pepin the Short and grandson of Charles Martel King of the Franks 6 ft 4 inches tall, he was restless, loud, and loved to hunt He was a reformer and believed the government should be run properly by educated individuals Informal and gregarious, he insisted on the presence of his friends, even when he bathed Known as a practical joker He had a good sense of humor and was hospitable to guests

UNIFYING EUROPE • At age 26 Charlemagne became king of the Franks. • Europe was in Turmoil • Determined to bring order, he launched a 30 -year military campaign in 772 • By 800, he was the undisputed ruler of Europe • Not seen since the Roman Empire, he revived the idea of uniting Europe under one form of government

CHARLEMAGNE’S POLICIES OF REFORM Education- Supported education to strengthen his kingdom with literate workers and help spread Christianity Government- Established the Missi Dominici or investigators to inspect governments and administer reforms and fight corruption within his kingdom Law- Tried to reform courts by establishing the system of Trial by Panel, the precursor to our modern jury system, Trial by Jury Trade- Re-instituted a form of standardized money by issuing silver coins for exchanging goods and to pay taxes Religion- Helped spread Christianity and the idea of a united Christian community called Christendom

CHARLEMAGNE’S LEGACY In 800 A. D. he was crowned by Pope Leo III as the first Holy Roman Emperor Worked closely with the Catholic church. Extended Christianity to Northern Europe and blended Germanic customs with Roman and Christian traditions He kept and efficient government that later rulers would look to as an example

VIKINGS • Most of the Vikings whose activities are best known come from the areas now known as Denmark, Norway and Sweden • Vikings ventured due to overpopulation of their homeland • Earliest Vikings were looking for riches, not land • Caused serious disturbances to peace in Ireland, England, Scotland, France, and Germany • Culture was based around combat. Vikings believed in multiple gods and believed dying in combat was a path into Valhalla, or “Viking Heaven” • By 11 th Century Viking culture was absorbed into Christian culture

VIKINGS

1. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Cqzq 01 i 2 O 3 U 2. http: //www. history. com/topics/middle-ages/videos/darkages-the-franks---clovis-parti? m=528 e 394 da 93 ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false 3. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=PLNrxajz. GCw 4. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 v. EGUwc. Ws. Jg 0 to 13 min- fall of Rome 13 to 24 min- Clovis and Christianity, to ordeals 40 to 52 min- superstition, church, and Benedict 51 to 1: 12 min – Martel to Charlemagne

TRIAL BY ORDEAL Monty Pythonhttps: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ra. QSRCu 40 JM BBC- Crime and Punishment in Medieval England https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e 5 y. QVJV 7 SFs Top 10 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Uz. BFTia 8 s. P 4