The Medieval Period 1066 1485 English 10 Academic

The Medieval Period 1066 -1485 English 10 Academic

The Medieval Period: Feudalism Beginning Event: William the Conqueror won the Battle of Hastings and became the first English king. B. He introduced the feudal system to England. A. Political & economic system Land Divisions in Feudal 2. King owned all land System parceled (divided) it out 3. Purpose: provide security King 4. Hierarchy - people couldn’t Church move between classes/roles 1. Barons

Feudalis m King • Rules kingdom • Owns all land & keeps 25% for himself • Divides up rest of land in exchange for protection (25% Church, 50% barons/lords) Nobles (Barons/ Lords) • Nobles who swear their allegiance to the king in exchange for land • Build castles to protect the countryside • Supply king with knights for protection • Govern land given to them Knights Free Peasants (Merchants & Farmers) Serfs & Bound Peasants • • Serve king, lords, people & God Protect kingdom Get paid well Sometimes given land by baron • Provide goods, services & food for kingdom; make $ • Rent from lord, can’t own land • Approx. 90% of pop. , many conquered Anglo. Saxons • Live on land, work for lord • Not paid; can’t own land

The Medieval Period: Heirs of William the Conqueror A. Henry II 1. Reformed the judicial system 2. Introduced juries & royal courts B. Henry’s wife, Eleanor (a former French queen) brought the French concept of chivalry to England 1. Strict set of rules for gentlemanly behavior Both a moral & behavioral code 3. Combination of Christian & military values 2. (faith, modesty, loyalty, courtesy, bravery & honor)

The Medieval Period: Heirs of William the Conqueror C. Richard I (Richard the Lionhearted) 1. Henry & Eleanor’s 1 st son; heir to throne 2. Ruled for 10 years 3. Fought in the Crusades 4. Was in France for most of D. his reign John 1. Richard’s brother 2. Plotted to kill Richard 3. Forced while he was away to sign the Magna Carta Think Robin Hood!

The Medieval Period: Heirs of William the Conqueror 3. John was forced by barons to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 because government was bankrupt Beginning of democracy in England! ii. Limited royal power iii. Gave more power to the nobles (barons) iv. Led to Model Parliament i. • House of Commons • House of Lords

The Medieval Period: Decline of Feudalism A. Towns began to grow 1. walls went around perimeter 2. narrow, crowded streets 3. houses built close together 4. centers of trade & art 5. Land ownership wasn’t the only way to make money B. Merchants & craftsmen formed guilds (groups/associations) 1. helped them unite & offered chance to advance 2. improved quality of products & increased profits 3. controlled flow & price of goods

The Medieval Period: Decline of Feudalism C. Crusades Series of military expeditions 2. Christians tried to take Jerusalem from Muslims 3. Helped bring the development of an economy based on money 4. Increased trade (domestic & international) 1. D. Peasants were needed to fight in wars 1. 2. E. Opportunity for career path Violates hierarchy of feudalism Universities grew (Italy, Spain, France, England)

The Medieval Period: End of Medieval Period A. The 100 Years’ War (1337 -1453) 1. Off and on war between England France who were fighting over control of the English throne 2. Helped lead to the War of the Roses 3. Inspired Joan of Arc B. Black Death: plague that killed 1/3 of Europe’s population (20 million+ people) C. Ending Event: War of the Roses (1485 -1487); Henry VII (Tudor) becomes king of England

The Medieval Period: War of the Roses C. Ending Event of Medieval period: War of the Roses Two families claim to have power of English throne House of York (white roses): Richard III House of Lancaster (red roses): Henry VII House of Tudor formed when Henry VII (Lancaster) married Elizabeth I (York) Eventually, Henry VII became king

The Medieval Period: Literature A. Strong oral tradition: most stories recited, sung &/or acted 1. 2. 3. 4. Most people illiterate Church used plays & songs to instruct people who couldn’t read the Bible Books written by hand ($, rare) Illuminated manuscripts – elaborately decorated handwritten documents, usually

The Medieval Period: Literature B. Popular Forms 1. Folk ballads (poetry) 2. Mystery & miracle plays (drama) 3. Morality tales (literature) 4. Romance tales (literature) 5. Arthurian legends – King Arthur (literature)