The male reproductive system The pathway of sperm

The male reproductive system

The pathway of sperm � Page 466; Figure 4 � During the passage through the male reproductive system, sperm cells mix with fluids produced by the prostate and two other glands. � The mixture of sperm cells and these fluids is called Semen

Release of Sperm � The ejection of semen from the penis is called Ejaculation. � Occurs when muscles in the male reproductive system and at the base of the bladder contract, forcing semen through the urethra. � A valve within the urethra prevents both urine and semen from mixing.

Release of Sperm � Sperm that are produced but not ejaculated eventually degenerate, meaning break down, and are disposed of. � Ejaculation can only occur when the penis is in an erect state. � An erection is a condition in which the penis becomes larger and stiffer as blood chambers in the penis become filled with blood.

Release of sperm � An erection does not need to result in ejaculation-in fact, most do not. � It is common for a teenage male to experience a nocturnal emission, or “wet dream, ” which is erection and ejaculation during sleep. � They are a normal occurrence and may happen frequently.

Keeping healthy �A number of medical conditions can affect the male reproductive system. � Caring for the male reproductive system involves cleanliness, sexual abstinence, protection from trauma, self-exams, and regular medical checkups.

Cleanliness � Important to thoroughly clean the external organs-the penis and scrotum-daily, preferably during a shower or bath. � Drying the groin area well after showering can prevent fungal infections that can cause jock itch.

Sexual Abstinence �A number of series infections of the reproductive system and other body systems can result from sexual contact. � The only way to eliminate your risk of sexually transmitted infections is to abstainor refrain from-sexual activity.

Protection from Trauma � Good health requires protection and prevention. � During athletic activities, males should wear a protector, also called a “cup, ” or supporter. � Tight clothing should be avoided. � Use precaution when lifting heavy objects.

Protection from Trauma � Pressure in the abdomen during lifting can push a loop of intestine out of the area that it usually contains, causing a hernia. � An inguinal hernia results if part of the intestine pushes into the scrotum. � Surgery is almost always necessary to correct an inguinal hernia.

Self-Exams � It is important for males to monitor their own bodies for any signs of possible medical problems. � Pain when urinating, unusual discharges, or sores on the genitals require a medical examination. � Males, especially teens and young men, should also examine their testes for signs of testicular cancer.