The MacquarieAAOStrasbourg Halpha Planetary Nebulae Project MASH Q

The Macquarie/AAO/Strasbourg H-alpha Planetary Nebulae Project: M*A*S*H Q. A. Parker Macquarie University/AAO A. Acker (Observatoire de Strasbourg, ULP) A. E. J. Peyaud (MU/ULP), D. J. Frew (MU) & the rest of the MASH team July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 1

M*A*S*H Macquarie/AAO/Strasbourg Hα Planetary Nebula Catalogue (MASH) of ~1000 new Galactic Planetary Nebulae (PNe) discovered from the AAO/UKST Hα survey of the southern Galactic plane MASH now complete (CDS catalogue release Aug/Sep 2005). Combination of depth, resolution, uniformity and areal coverage of Hα survey permitted detection of large numbers of new PNe: more evolved, larger angular extent, lower surface brightness than in most other surveys. July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 2

STAMP COLLECTING………… Yes but: • • July 2005 I have a really nice album! You are all interested in the stamps I have some very rare ones They come from different regions with their varied and interesting designs One can investigate their colours and composition of the ink One can test the glue on the back that hold them together and that enables us to fix what they are I Like stamps Gdansk, Poland 3

PFP 1 30 arcmin July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 4

Setting the scene: The AAO/UKST Hα survey Survey completed in 2003 using a single-element interference filter of exceptional quality (Parker et al, 2005, MNRAS accepted: astro-ph/0506599). Filter aperture of 305 mm is largest of its kind in astronomy with fine-grained Tech Pan film detector Survey coverage (~4000 sq. deg) , resolution (~1 arcsec) and sensitivity (~5 Rayleighs) On-line as a digital data product of the WFAU of the ROE: http: //www-wfau. roe. ac. uk/sss/halpha/ July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 5

The AAO/UKST H-alpha Survey http: //surveys. roe. ac. uk/ssa/hablock/hafull. html July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 6

Comparison between AAO/UKST H-alpha survey and the SHASSA (CTIO) 1. 25 deg This is still blocked x 16 SCOS data! July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 7

Full resolution 10 um SCOS data July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 8

July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 9

New MASH Planetary Nebulae Culmination of an extensive programme of visual identification and full confirmatory spectroscopy (1998 -2005) • 2500 individual spectra obtained (many have multiple spectra) from 30 observing missions • Flux calibration for most (not easy with fibre spectroscopy) Entire sample derived from same, uniform observational data • yields the largest, least biased and most homogeneous sample of Galactic PNe yet created over the widest evolutionary range. • Hα less affected by dust and so easier to detect than [OIII] imaging in more obscured regions of the Galactic Plane. • almost doubling of Galactic PNe • Hopefully significant impact on PNe research, especially at extremes of PNe luminosity function July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 10

MASH analysis MASH will contribute to: • • • July 2005 late stellar evolution; mass-loss history of CSPNs PNe evolution and populations Rare types ISM interaction Chemical enrichment of the ISM Galactic abundance gradients Bulge dynamics Birth rates, Galactic scale heights Statistical correlations Gdansk, Poland 11

Typical MASH PNe discovery Hα- 3 hours SR- 15 mins Hα/SR 4 x 4 arcminute July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 12

MASH PNe examples. . Hot lips! The chromosome nebula July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 13

Consecutive FLAIR spectroscopy of new PN candidates July 2005 Low dispersion data Gdansk, Poland High dispersion (red) data 14

M*A*S*H Catalogue MASH completely updated from on-line SHS pixel-data • Carefully checked previous identifications • Determined accurate estimates of PNe size & position (~1 -2”) • New morphological classifications assigned (ERBIAS) • Represents far more consistent and accurate description for MASH PNe compared to old version (CDROM 2001). • Many contaminating HII regions removed and many new additional PNe added. MASH PNe different to what is known in previous catalogues. • significant fraction represent some of the most senile stages of PNe evolution • Includes those interacting with the ISM (e. g. PFP 1 in Pierce et al. 2004 and Frew and Parker, in preparation). July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 15

MASH PNe properties Currently < 10% of MASH PNe have obvious CSPN identified directly from the SHS images (too faint in red). Additional CSPN candidates found by examination of the Super. COSMOS images for the matching B, R and I band Long term deep UBVR CCD photometry required to find most MASH CSPN Average angular size is 51” with median of 27” but with objects extending to several arcminutes (largest is ~30 arcmins in size). Indicates that many are highly evolved where the central star has faded from easy optical detection and the nebula itself is dissipating/dissolving into the ambient ISM. July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 16

Better coverage of initial and terminal phases of PNe life by preferentially offering for study a factor of ~5 more large, highly evolved objects. Known PNe fall off near galactic latitude b=0◦ due to extinction but new MASH PNe are found much closer to b=0◦ especially away from the heavily obscured bulge region. Improved low latitude coverage due to survey’s excellent sensitivity in Hα band which is less affected by dust. July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 17

Simple Acker vs MASH PN l, b plot From. Acker catalogue: ~1100 PN N&S From new MASH sample: includes 1021 New PN July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 18

First M*A*S*H results 20 new WR CSPN (e. g. Morgan, Parker & Russeil, 2001, Parker & Morgan 2003) • Includes PM 5, only confirmed WN Wolf-Rayet star in the galaxy (Morgan, Parker & Cohen 2003) A possible new phase of PN evolution by discovery of an OH IR strongly masing CPSN (Cohen, Parker & Chapman 2005) A large evolved PN caught in the first stages of interaction with the ISM (Pierce et al. 2004) Bipolar PNe (~13%): Identification of two of the largest and closest bipolar PNe (Frew, Parker & Russeil, 2005) Discovery of a clear-cut bipolar Type I PNe in an intermediate age open cluster (Parker, Frew and Köppen, in preparation) New shells, ansae, lobes and halos around many known PNe: significant implications for previous derived PNe properties such as distance and total ejecta mass (e. g. Parker, 2000 for NGC 2899). July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 19

Type I bipolar PN in an open cluster 3. 5’ SR exposure July 2005 H-alpha exposure Gdansk, Poland 20

The Galactic Bulge About 500 MASH PN found in the Galactic Bulge region Many found using sophisticated psf matching Confirmed via FLAIR/6 d. F MOS spectroscopy on UKST or on 2 m class telescopes (e. g. SAAO, MSSSO) July 2005 Gdansk, Poland 21