The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration Jefferson purchases the

The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration Jefferson purchases the Louisiana Territory in 1803 and doubles the size of the United States.

The West in 1800 • 1 million settlers move to region between Appalachians & Mississippi River • France and Spain want Louisiana Territory • Britain claims land in region

Louisiana Purchase • Louisiana Territory between the Mississippi River & Rocky Mountains • Spain settles California & Russians settle Pacific coast • Farmers need free use of Mississippi River and New Orleans’ port

Pinckney Treaty • Pinckney was sent by President Washington in 1795 to keep port of New Orleans open. • Pinckney Treaty – Spain agreed to let Americans ship their goods down Mississippi & store them in New Orleans

Spain gives Louisiana Back to France • In 1800, Spain signs treaty with France giving them back. Louisiana. • Jefferson knew Napoleon wanted to conquer Europe.

Spain gives Louisiana Back to France • Napoleon needed Louisiana to grow food and ship it to French Islands (Haiti) in the West Indies. • A revolution in Haiti caused these plans to change.

Jefferson decides to try and buy Louisiana • Jefferson sends Livingston and Monroe to buy New Orleans from Napoleon. They had $10 million they could spend. • They meet with Talleyrand.

An Offer They Cannot Refuse • After losing Haiti, Napoleon gives up on America and needs money. • Talleyrand now asks Livingston if the U. S. wanted to buy all of the Louisiana Territory.

The Deal • Livingston offers $4 million • Talleyrand says it was too low • They agreed to pay $15 million for Louisiana even though they did not have the authority to do so.

Was the Purchase Constitutional? • Nowhere in the Constitution does it give the President the power to buy land. • Jefferson’s rationale President had the power to make treaties.

Louisiana Purchase Treaty Passed • The Senate approved the Treaty and it went into effect in 1803. • The size of the nation has now doubled.

Exploration of the Territory • 1803, Congress provides money to study new lands • Jefferson chooses his private secretary Lewis to head expedition • Lewis asks Clark to go with him

Jefferson’s Plan for Lewis and Clark • Map a route to Pacific Ocean • Geography of the Territory –Climate/plants/animals • Learn about Indian nations and trade with them

Corps of Discovery • Lewis and Clark pick about 50 men to join expedition on basis of: character, strength, hunting skills, and ability to survive in wilderness. • Group includes York, a slave, Clark’s companion since boyhood.

May 1804 • Lewis and Clark start up the Missouri River from St. Louis. They are going upstream.

Animals of the Plains • Buffalo • Antelopes • Deer • Elk

They met various Indian Nations • Lewis and Clark brought many gifts –Peace medals stamped with US seal –Mirrors - Blankets –Beads - Sewing Needles –Knives - Fishhooks

Lewis and Clark meet Sacagawea • While staying with the Mandans in present-day North Dakota they were worried about how to cross Rockies • Sacagawea, a Shoshone, agreed to accompany them with her French Canadian husband.

Sacagawea • Knew about healing qualities of plants and herbs • Her presence with her baby showed other Native Americans they encountered the expedition was friendly

Early Spring 1805 • Sacagawea guides the expedition over the Rockies. • They meet some Shoshones including Sacagawea’s brother. • They supply food and horses and helped them get over the Rockies.

In the Rocky Mountains, expedition crossed Continental Dividemountain ridge that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of the continent

November 7, 1805 • Lewis and Clark reach the Pacific Ocean • A year later, Americans celebrate the return of Lewis and Clark in St. Louis.

Zebulon Pike • From 1805 -1807 Pike explored the upper Mississippi River, Arkansas River, and parts of present-day Colorado and New Mexico.

Pike’s Peak • In 1806, Pike viewed a mountain peak rising up above Colorado plains.

Pike • Pike went southward into Spanish territory. • He is arrested by Spanish troops and his maps and journals are taken away. • He hid a map in the barrel of his gun. • He died in War of 1812.

• Settlers moved westward into the Louisiana territory. • Louisiana became a state in 1812.