The Liturgical Day and a side of Manuscripts

The Liturgical Day (and a side of Manuscripts) HON 300 Norton

Conversion of St. Paul January 25 Book of Hours for Étienne Chevalier, Illuminated by Jean Foquet, 1450 -60 Chantilly, Musée Condé, 2

The Daily Round: Divine Office & Mass • Psalms – Sing all 150 each week, starting with Sunday Matins • Two types of “Days” • Festal Days (Sundays and major Feasts [Holy Days]) • Ferial (Monday – Saturday) • Precise order of services depends on whether it is a festal or ferial day • Some days (Christmas & Easter) have alternate orders for services 3

Greater Hours • Matins (Nocturns, Vigils) • Early Christian Night Vigil becomes the later Offices of Matins & Lauds • The longest of the hours of the monastic office • St. Benedict: • From Kalends of November to Easter: the 8 th hour of the night • From Easter to Kalends of November: begin at such a time that there is enough time before Lauds to attend to the “necessities of nature”. • Arranged into sections called “Nocturns” (from 1 to 3) • Each Nocturn has 2 – 4 Psalms with accompanying antiphon • 3 or 4 lessons with Responsory (Great Responsories) • Overall Structure: • • • Introductory section including a hymn Nocturn 1 Nocturn 2 Nocturn 3 Te Deum (4 th century chant) 4

Greater Hours • Lauds (sometimes called Matins) • Ends at dawn – recalls the resurrection • Structure: • 5 Psalms with antiphons • Short reading with hymn • Benedictus (Canticle of Zachary – Luke 1: 68 -79) with antiphon • Vespers (Lucernales) • The most solemn of the Office hours • Before the evening meal - some sources say the 10 th hour (around 4: 00 -4: 30 or so), the early name “Lucernales” - implies need for light, so twilight? • Structure: • Same as Lauds generally • Ends with Magnificat (Canticle of Mary - Luke 1: 46 -55) 5

Lesser Hours and Other Gatherings • Prime, Terce, Sext, None • Begins with prayers • Usually 3 - 9 Psalms, or parts of Psalms - often repeated from Lauds • Followed by short reading & responsory • Compline • • • Before retiring for the night The same every night Begins with prayers 3 Psalms without antiphons Followed by Hymn, benediction, & Nunc Dimittis (Canticle of Simeon — Luke 2: 29 -32) • Other Services/Meetings • Mass (after Terce on Sundays & major feasts, after Sext otherwise) • Chapter 6

Liturgical Day • Vespers – Compline Evening Meal Sleep • Matins • Lauds – Prime – Terce – Sext – None • [Vespers] – [Compline] Chapter meeting Mass for major feasts Mass for week days Mass for fast days 7

How Manuscripts were Made 8

But first. . . Medieval Selfies (from Erik Dwakkel’s “Medieval Books”) 9

Jan van Eyck, Giovanni Arnolfine and Fiancé (artist is in the mirror — see detail on left) 10

Frankfurt, Staatsbibliothek, MS Bart. 42 (late 12 th century) Nun Guda within letter “D” - inscription reads: “Guda, sinner, copied and decorated this book” 11

Cologny, Fondation Marin Bodmer, MS 127, fol. 244 r Rufillus the Decorator (Monk in Weissenau Abbey in Ravensburg Germany) 12

Amiens, Bibliothèque municipale, MS Lescalopier 30, fol. 29 v (late 12 th c. ) Rufillus the Decorator again, as scribe (within letter “D”) 13

Stuttgart, Württembergische Landesbibliothek, MS Mus I. 2. 65, fol. 236 v Clerical scribe & Illuminator with wife — self-portrait 14

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, MS fr. 25526, fol. 77 v (1325 -1350) Medieval Spam (scribe & wife [decorator]) 15

Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 104, fol. 52 v (15 th c. ) Unnamed Scribe 16

Creating a Manuscript An overview 17

Making Parchment - Stretching and Scraping 18

Making Parchment - Stretching and Scraping Das Ständebuch (ca. 1568) How Parchment is made (from the BBC) Making Parchment (from “Dirty Jobs”) 19

Manuscript Pricking Manuscript Ruling 20

Manuscript writing (part 1) Manuscript writing (part 2) Manuscript writing (part 3) 21

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, Ms. Fr. 9198, fol. 19 r 22

Durham, University Library. Ms. Cosin V. III. 1. f. 22 v. 23

Painting an Illuminated Letter (part 1) Painting an Illuminated Letter (part 2) Putting it all together 24

For a more in-depth look: • The Making of Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts Dr. Sally Dormer, Victoria and Albert Museum) 25

Verdun, Bibliothèque municipale, MS 107, 141 v (1302 -1305) Killer Rabbit 26