The Limits of Common Sense Common sense leaves

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The Limits of Common Sense • Common sense leaves us unsure of the truth,

The Limits of Common Sense • Common sense leaves us unsure of the truth, but research helps us apply principles appropriately in different situations.

Examples • Opposites attract but birds of a feather flock together. • Out of

Examples • Opposites attract but birds of a feather flock together. • Out of sight out of mind but absence makes the heart grow fonder • Nothing ventured nothing gained but A penny saved is a penny earned.

BIAS • Confirmation Bias: A tendency to search for information that confirms a preconception.

BIAS • Confirmation Bias: A tendency to search for information that confirms a preconception. • Participant Bias: A tendency for research participants to behave a certain way because they know they are being observed. • Naturalistic Bias: Observing behaviour without manipulating or controlling the situation.

Variables • Independent variables: The variable that the researcher will actively manipulate and, if

Variables • Independent variables: The variable that the researcher will actively manipulate and, if the hypothesis is correct, that will cause a change in the dependent variable. • Dependent variable: The variable that should show the effect of the independent variable.

Happiness Surveys • In most ways my life is close to my ideal. •

Happiness Surveys • In most ways my life is close to my ideal. • The condition of my life are excellent. • I am satisfied with my life. • So far I have gotten the important things I want in life. • If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing. 1 - Strongly disagree 2 - Disagree 3 - Slightly disagree 4 - Neither disagree or agree 5 - slightly agree 6 - agree 7 -strongly agree

Groups • Experimental groups: The participants in and experiment who are exposed to an

Groups • Experimental groups: The participants in and experiment who are exposed to an independent variable. • Control group: The participants in an experiment who are not exposed to the independent variable.

Finally…. • Replicate: To repeat the essence of a research study to see whether

Finally…. • Replicate: To repeat the essence of a research study to see whether the results can be reliably produced.

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