THE LIBRARY OF TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN THE UNIVERSITY

THE LIBRARY OF TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, THE UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN LEABHARLANN CHOLÁISTE NA TRÍONÓIDE, OLLSCOIL ÁTHA CLIATH Library HITS: Citation and Plagiarism Greg Sheaf (updated by Isolde Harpur) Assistant Librarian Michaelmas Term 2018

OVERVIEW What plagiarism is The consequences Detection of plagiarism Avoiding committing it unintentionally Quoting and paraphrasing Click to edit Master subtitle Usingstyle software to keep records and more Citation styles – Inline styles Citation styles – Numbered styles Citation styles – Footnote styles The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

WHAT IS PLAGIARISM? Plagiarism is using another person’s work without giving him or her credit In Irish academic institutions such behaviour will (in nearly all cases) be construed as plagiarism If you are using somebody else’s words, images, music, or ideas you must acknowledge the original source (more later) Click to edit Master subtitle style Source: http: //www. ohrstromblog. com/2014/01/24/citation-salvation-and-deliverance-from-plagiarism/ The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

PLAGIARISM – A COMMON ISSUE Plagiarism whether intentional or unintentional, is one of the most common issues first-year students face. It is important to get your college's referencing guide and attend any classes or workshops on referencing so you do it correctly. As the first generation of students who grew up online, it is tempting to buy or copy an essay online but colleges are all too aware of this so it is not worth the risk. Clicktechnology to edit Master style New suchsubtitle as turnitin. com means essays are automatically scanned for plagiarism so there is no room for cheating. Mc. Mahon, Aine. Irish Times; Dublin [Dublin]20 Aug 2018: 5. The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

AND IT’S NOT JUST A STUDENT THING! Be careful if giving a speech… Joe Biden plagiarised Neil Kinnock speech Was Melania Trump's speech plagiarized from Michelle Obama? Be careful if writing a thesis and you want to be a politician… German Fascination With Degrees Click to edit Master subtitle style Claims Latest Victim: Education Minister Report Accuses Mexico’s President of Plagiarism in Law School Thesis The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

PLAGIARISM: A SUMMARY… Click to edit Master subtitle style Source: http: //youtu. be/2 q 0 Nl. Wc. Tq 1 Y, Bainbridge State College The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

CONSEQUENCES OF PLAGIARISM Detected plagiarism can carry severe consequences It is the act of plagiarism that is punished, regardless as to whether you meant to plagiarise or not However, there are levels of plagiarism; a matrix of levels and consequences of plagiarism is available at Trinity’s Avoiding Plagiarism website You complete College’s Clickmust to edit Masterthe subtitle style ”Ready Steady Write” plagiarism tutorial (available on the Avoiding Plagiarism website) and sign a declaration when submitting course work, whether in hard or soft copy or via Blackboard, confirming that you understand what plagiarism is and have completed the tutorial The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

AVOIDING PLAGIARISM (WWW. TCD. IE/LIBRARY) Click to edit Master subtitle style The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

READY, STEADY, WRITE TUTORIAL (AVAILABLE FROM THE LIBRARY’S AVOIDING PLAGIARISM WEBSITE) Click to edit Master subtitle style The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

COVERSHEET REQUIRED FOR EACH PIECE OF SUBMITTED WORK Click to edit Master subtitle style The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

DETECTING PLAGIARISM Staff and software will catch you out: • Lecturers and examiners will be familiar with key sources and will notice when information has been used from them, as well as differences in style, terminology and accuracy in an essay • In addition, many courses in TCD now use Turnitin to check written submissions for plagiarism. This compares submitted work to a database of websites, articles, books and student papers Click to edit Master subtitle style The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

TURNITIN Online assignments using Turnitin in Blackboard allow students to submit essays online and provide instructors with the functionality to give detailed feedback to students Turnitin is now integrated into the College VLE, Blackboard Learn, which offers a streamlined process for grading online assignments and checking academic integrity For help on how to use the system, see the Student Training section on Click to editwebsite Master subtitle style the Turnitin which has a series of tutorials, resources and manuals” Source: http: //www. tcd. ie/CAPSL/resources/Turnitin/ The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

REPORT GENERATION • Generate reports immediately, first report is final (Students cannot resubmit papers) • Generate reports immediately, reports can be overwritten until due date (Students may resubmit as often as the student wishes until the assignment due date) to edit Master • Click Generate reportssubtitle On Duestyle Date (Students may resubmit as many times as needed until the due date and time without receiving reports) Options controlled by the instructor when they create the Turnitin assignment for students in Blackboard The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

YOU CAN’T JUST PLAY AROUND WITH THE WORDS “Copy and paste” is *very* easy to detect, but so is “Copy, shake and paste” – mixing up paragraph order, changing words etc. to make lifted sections appear different Click to edit Master subtitle style Source: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=LRODESf. Nzcc The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

RECOGNISING PLAGIARISM – SOME EXERCISES Source: Cornell University, College of Arts and Sciences: https: //plagiarism. arts. cornell. edu/tutorial/exercises. cfm Click to edit Master subtitle style The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

RECOGNISING PLAGIARISM – SOME EXERCISES (Source: https: //plagiarism. arts. cornell. edu/tutorial/exercises. cfm) The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

RECOGNISING PLAGIARISM – SOME EXERCISES (SOURCE: HTTPS: //PLAGIARISM. ARTS. CORNELL. EDU/TUTORIAL/EXERCISES. CFM) Click to edit Master subtitle style The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

CITATIONS - ACKNOWLEDGING SOURCES “If I have seen further it is by standing on ye shoulders of Giants” (Newton, 1676) Papers on the same subjects will use similar terminology, and draw on the ideas and research that has gone before. This is an expected and necessary part of research However, it is also expected that you credit your sources by citing them Click to edit Master subtitle style This allows readers of your work to find the original sources and see if you have adequately represented their ideas, and shows you are not trying to claim those ideas as your own The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

USING QUOTES You will be given guidance by your department on how exactly to use quotations in your work. Any direct inline quotes (i. e. , in a sentence) of another’s words must be put into quotation marks and attributed Block quotes as a separate Click to quotes edit Master(longer subtitle style paragraph) should generally be used sparingly, as overuse will demonstrate you have little original material of your own to add! The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

PARAPHRASING There is nothing wrong with including short paraphrases of others’ work so long as you attribute the ideas to them Think carefully though if you decide to use a long segment of paraphrasing as you are likely to lose marks on. Master stylistic grounds Click to edit subtitle style The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

MAINTAINING ACCURATE RECORDS It is vital to maintain accurate records of your sources, in order to be able to properly attribute the phrasing and ideas you draw from them For example, you might keep full handwritten or word processed notes detailing each reference Another way would be to save particular searches or Click to edit Master subtitle style records (e. g. , by marking those records) in individual databases, such as by using the “My NCBI” feature in Pub. Med Stella will allow you to mark records in a similar way and save or e-mail the results to your PC The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

REFERENCE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE The easiest way to bring together references from all sources is to use bibliographic reference managing software These programs allow you to import records from multiple databases, library catalogues Click to edit Master subtitle style and to also manually enter citations, and save them as a database in one location The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

TYPES OF REFERENCE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE Free software includes Zotero, End. Note Online, and Mendeley End. Note for the desktop is much more powerful than End. Note Online However, unless you have a TCD-owned computer, you have to pay for it! Hence, we only recommend the desktop version for. Master postgrads, an investment Click to edit subtitleasstyle TCD can get you a substantial discount on the full price The Library runs training on End. Note Desktop and demos on the free End. Note Online as part of our HITS programme The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

CITATION STYLES Many different citation styles are in use in Trinity – your lecturer will advise if you should use any particular one or check the handbook for your course Click to edit Master subtitle style The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

CITATION STYLES There are thousands of citation styles, but most are based on one of three broad types: Inline Click to edit Master subtitle style Numbered Footnotes The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

CITATION STYLES Guides for each style will tell you how to format the references: Details on which order to present the bibliographic information Grammar instructions such as how to use punctuation and capitalisation - what is emboldened, underlined, italicised… where the full stops and commas go… Click to edit Master subtitle style Different rules will apply to different formats of sources (journal articles, book with one author, books with several authors, edited books, chapters in edited books, webpages, reports, films, etc…) The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

INLINE CITATIONS Inline citations use a brief summary of the reference in the text (such as listing the author and date, or the author and title, or author and page) with the full reference stated at the end of the chapter or work This final list is called a reference list or bibliography Generally the full list of references will be in Click to edit Master subtitle stylefirst author’s surname alphabetical order by the Inline citations are more common in the sciences and social sciences The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

INLINE CITATIONS Inline styles are sometimes called the “Harvard” style as they were first used at Harvard in the 1880 s They are also called “Parenthetical” Click to edit subtitle styles as. Master they enclose the partial information in brackets The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

OUR EXAMPLE Reference Type: Journal Article Author: Mc. Climens, Alex; Kenyon, Lynn; and Cheung, Heidi Year: 2013 Title: Exploring placement pathways in nurse education Journal: British Journal of Nursing Click to edit Master subtitle style Volume: 22 Issue: 1 Pages: 8 -15 The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

INLINE STYLE – APA 6 TH ED. In the text: Integrated care places new demands on students (Mc. Climens, Kenyon, & Cheung, 2013). Reference list: Mc. Climens, A. , subtitle Kenyon, Click to edit Master style. L. , & Cheung, H. (2013). Exploring placement pathways in nurse education. British Journal of Nursing, 22(1), 8 -15. The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

INLINE STYLE – MLA 7 TH ED. In the text: Integrated care places new demands on students (Mc. Climens, Kenyon and Cheung). Reference list: Mc. Climens, Alex, Lynn Kenyon, and Heidi Click to edit Master subtitle style Cheung. "Exploring Placement Pathways in Nurse Education. " British Journal of Nursing 22. 1 (2013): 8 -15. Print. The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

SIDE BY SIDE… In the text: APA 6 th Integrated care places new demands on students (Mc. Climens, Kenyon, & Cheung, 2013). th MLA 7 Click to edit Master subtitle style Integrated care places new demands on students (Mc. Climens, Kenyon and Cheung). The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

SIDE BY SIDE… In the reference list: APA 6 th Mc. Climens, A. , Kenyon, L. , & Cheung, H. (2013). Exploring placement pathways in nurse education. British Journal of Nursing, 22(1), 8 -15. MLA 7 th Click to edit Master subtitle style Mc. Climens, Alex, Lynn Kenyon, and Heidi Cheung. "Exploring Placement Pathways in Nurse Education. " British Journal of Nursing 22. 1 (2013): 8 -15. Print. The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

NUMBERED STYLES Numbered styles list references in the order they are mentioned, using a digit in the text to refer to the fuller citation at the end The most common numbered style is Vancouver while this style has its own Click to edit Master subtitle style particular rules, numbered styles in general are often referred to as Vancouver styles The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

NUMBERED STYLE – VANCOUVER In the text: Integrated care places new demands on students(1). Reference list: 1. Mc. Climens A, Kenyon L, Cheung H. Click to edit Master subtitle style Exploring placement pathways in nurse education. British Journal of Nursing. 2013; 22(1): 8 -15. The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

FOOTNOTE STYLES Like numbered styles, footnote styles give the reference an ascending number in the text and the full references are listed in that order at the bottom of the page in a footnote. A full list at the end of the work or chapter may also be required - although unlike with numbered styles, this may be in alphabetical order by surname, rather than in order of mention Click to edit Master subtitle style The Chicago 17 th Edition style is the latest version of the most well-known footnote style. Another in use at TCD is the Irish Historical Journal style The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

FOOTNOTE STYLE – CHICAGO FOOTNOTE 17 TH ED. In the text: Integrated care places new demands on students 1 As a footnote at the bottom of the page: Alex Mc. Climens, Lynn Kenyon, and Heidi Cheung, "Exploring Placement Pathways in Nurse Education, " British Journal of Nursing 22, no. 1 (2013). 1 (elements are separated by commas) to edit Master subtitle In. Click the reference list, which is in style alphabetical order: Mc. Climens, Alex, Lynn Kenyon, and Heidi Cheung. "Exploring Placement Pathways in Nurse Education. " British Journal of Nursing 22, no. 1 (2013): 8 -15. (first author’s name inverted, elements are separated by full stops) The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

PURDUE WRITING LAB – A GREAT RESOURCE FOR STYLE GUIDES (HTTPS: //OWL. PURDUE. EDU/) Click to edit Master subtitle style The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

BUT I NEED MORE INFO ABOUT… General plagiarism questions - • start at http: //tcd-ie. libguides. com/plagiarism and complete the tutorial • ask at the Duty Librarian’s Desk or e-mail your Subject Librarian General referencing questions – • try the Purdue Online Writing Lab: https: //owl. purdue. edu/ • ask at the Duty Librarian’s Desk or e-mail your Subject Librarian Turn. It. In – talk to your lecturer first Which style to use – ask your lecturer and look in your departmental handbook Clickreferencing to edit Master subtitle style End. Note – us again Academic writing in general – Student Learning and Development or the Centre for Academic Practice and e. Learning (CAPSL) The Library of Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin

THE LIBRARY OF TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, THE UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN LEABHARLANN CHOLÁISTE NA TRÍONÓIDE, OLLSCOIL ÁTHA CLIATH Thank You!