The Legislative Branch Article I Congress Terms and
![The Legislative Branch Article I Congress The Legislative Branch Article I Congress](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-1.jpg)
The Legislative Branch Article I Congress
![Terms and Sessions of Congress o A term is the length of time between Terms and Sessions of Congress o A term is the length of time between](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-2.jpg)
Terms and Sessions of Congress o A term is the length of time between elections in Congress (two years). o Each Congressional term consists of two sessions, one during each year of a term. o January begins the first session of the Congress.
![Bicameralism o Congress consists of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate, Bicameralism o Congress consists of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-3.jpg)
Bicameralism o Congress consists of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate, that act to check and balance each other. o Congress has its roots in British and Colonial history. o Our bicameral legislature is a reflection of federalism, and was part of the Connecticut(Great) Compromise of 1787.
![Why Congress Matters? o http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=F k. PMld. X 6 JLI&feature=relmfu Why Congress Matters? o http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=F k. PMld. X 6 JLI&feature=relmfu](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-4.jpg)
Why Congress Matters? o http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=F k. PMld. X 6 JLI&feature=relmfu
![House of Representatives o Term: 2 years n No term limits o Qualifications n House of Representatives o Term: 2 years n No term limits o Qualifications n](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-5.jpg)
House of Representatives o Term: 2 years n No term limits o Qualifications n 25 years old n 7 years as a U. S. citizen n Resident of represented state
![House of Representatives o Number of representatives: 435 o Representation based on population o House of Representatives o Number of representatives: 435 o Representation based on population o](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-6.jpg)
House of Representatives o Number of representatives: 435 o Representation based on population o Strict rules on debate
![Reapportionment o Process of re-dividing the 435 seats of the U. S. House of Reapportionment o Process of re-dividing the 435 seats of the U. S. House of](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-7.jpg)
Reapportionment o Process of re-dividing the 435 seats of the U. S. House of Representatives based upon each state's proportion of the national population. o The preceding census is the baseline for determining how many House seats are allotted to each state. o Census determines number of congressional seats and number of electoral votes for each state as well as how much federal funding each state receives.
![Wesberry vs. Sanders 1964 o “One person, One vote” rule: each vote in a Wesberry vs. Sanders 1964 o “One person, One vote” rule: each vote in a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-8.jpg)
Wesberry vs. Sanders 1964 o “One person, One vote” rule: each vote in a congressional district should be worth about the same (Census is every 10 years)
![Redistricting o process of redrawing legislative district boundaries every 10 years based upon changes Redistricting o process of redrawing legislative district boundaries every 10 years based upon changes](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-9.jpg)
Redistricting o process of redrawing legislative district boundaries every 10 years based upon changes in population. o State legislatures determine district boundaries. o Drawing boundaries of legislative districts to benefit one party or group and handicap another is called “gerrymandering. ”
![Redistricting Videos o http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 r 7 q. Jvpr. HXw o Redistricting Videos o http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 r 7 q. Jvpr. HXw o](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-10.jpg)
Redistricting Videos o http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 r 7 q. Jvpr. HXw o http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=a 1 Uei. Hs. K 6 ns Congressional District Lines: Civics in a Minute
![Gerrymandering o Gerrymandering seeks to draw legislative districts that isolate members of a particular Gerrymandering o Gerrymandering seeks to draw legislative districts that isolate members of a particular](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-11.jpg)
Gerrymandering o Gerrymandering seeks to draw legislative districts that isolate members of a particular political party so that a maximum number of representatives of that party will be elected.
![House of Representatives o Emphasizes fiscal policy (government expenditures, revenues, and debt. ) o House of Representatives o Emphasizes fiscal policy (government expenditures, revenues, and debt. ) o](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-12.jpg)
House of Representatives o Emphasizes fiscal policy (government expenditures, revenues, and debt. ) o Special Powers of House of Rep. n All money (appropriations) bills start here n Select the President if no majority in Electoral College n Write the articles of impeachment against high ranking officials
![Speaker of the House o Head of House of Representatives -Presides over the full Speaker of the House o Head of House of Representatives -Presides over the full](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-13.jpg)
Speaker of the House o Head of House of Representatives -Presides over the full House. -Decides on which committees each member of his/her party will serve. -Assigns bills to committees -Decides the order in which bills will be heard and time limits for debate on House Floor.
![Senate o Term of office: 6 years n No term limits o Qualifications: n Senate o Term of office: 6 years n No term limits o Qualifications: n](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-14.jpg)
Senate o Term of office: 6 years n No term limits o Qualifications: n 30 years old n 9 years a citizen of the U. S. n Resident of the represented state o http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Xj 4 a. MGlf 6 b. A
![Senate o Number of Senators: 100 o Representation equal (2 per State) o Filibuster Senate o Number of Senators: 100 o Representation equal (2 per State) o Filibuster](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-15.jpg)
Senate o Number of Senators: 100 o Representation equal (2 per State) o Filibuster (stalling a vote with unlimited debate/speech) unless cloture is invoked. http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=OQIG-kf. T 9 b. I o President of the Senate: U. S. Vice President o Day-to-day head of Senate: President Pro Tempore (Senator of majority party; presides in VP absence)
![Senate o Emphasizes foreign policy o Special Powers n Approves all treaties n Approves Senate o Emphasizes foreign policy o Special Powers n Approves all treaties n Approves](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-16.jpg)
Senate o Emphasizes foreign policy o Special Powers n Approves all treaties n Approves all appointments n Chooses the Vice President in an Electoral College tie n Acts as the jury in all trials of impeachment
![Leadership and Impact of Congress o http: //www. house. gov/leadership/ o http: //www. senate. Leadership and Impact of Congress o http: //www. house. gov/leadership/ o http: //www. senate.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-17.jpg)
Leadership and Impact of Congress o http: //www. house. gov/leadership/ o http: //www. senate. gov/
![Congress Both houses: o Must keep a Journal: n The Congressional Record o Must Congress Both houses: o Must keep a Journal: n The Congressional Record o Must](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-18.jpg)
Congress Both houses: o Must keep a Journal: n The Congressional Record o Must hold sessions at the same time: n Sessions begin January 3 rd each year o Must have a quorum to do business: n 51% of members present on the floor
![Congress o Both houses make their own rules for behavior and punishments n Censure: Congress o Both houses make their own rules for behavior and punishments n Censure:](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-19.jpg)
Congress o Both houses make their own rules for behavior and punishments n Censure: formally reprimand, written in the record n Fines and penalties may be set for some offenses n Expulsion: members with gross misconduct may be thrown out of office (requires 2/3 vote)
![Privileges and Compensation of Congress members: -Salary $174, 200 per year (Leadership: $212, 000) Privileges and Compensation of Congress members: -Salary $174, 200 per year (Leadership: $212, 000)](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-20.jpg)
Privileges and Compensation of Congress members: -Salary $174, 200 per year (Leadership: $212, 000) -Medical and dental benefits -Free office, parking, and trips to home state -Staff budget -Tax break on second home -Franking privilege- free postage on all mail to constituents
![Privileges and Compensation of Congress members: Immunity or legal protection: -Cannot be sued of Privileges and Compensation of Congress members: Immunity or legal protection: -Cannot be sued of](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-21.jpg)
Privileges and Compensation of Congress members: Immunity or legal protection: -Cannot be sued of anything they say or write while carrying out their duties -Cannot be arrested for minor offenses while Congress is in session -May not hold another political office at the same time
![What does Congress Do? o http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=fd g. U 08 k-CTQ What does Congress Do? o http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=fd g. U 08 k-CTQ](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-22.jpg)
What does Congress Do? o http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=fd g. U 08 k-CTQ
![Powers of Congress o o o o o Raise and collect taxes Borrow money Powers of Congress o o o o o Raise and collect taxes Borrow money](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-23.jpg)
Powers of Congress o o o o o Raise and collect taxes Borrow money Regulate commerce Set laws for Naturalization and Bankruptcy Coin Money Punish counterfeiting Post office Copyrights and patents Set up courts o Declare war o Establish the military and National guard o Make rules and allot funds for the military and National guard o Punish pirates o Run Washington D. C. and all federal property o Elastic clause- implied power
![ELASTIC CLAUSE o The necessary and proper clause gives Congress the power to make ELASTIC CLAUSE o The necessary and proper clause gives Congress the power to make](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-24.jpg)
ELASTIC CLAUSE o The necessary and proper clause gives Congress the power to make laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the delegated duties (Article 1, Section 8) o Also known as the ‘elastic clause’ it stretches the power given Congress
![Powers denied Congress o Cannot suspend the writ of Habeas Corpusmust show cause for Powers denied Congress o Cannot suspend the writ of Habeas Corpusmust show cause for](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-25.jpg)
Powers denied Congress o Cannot suspend the writ of Habeas Corpusmust show cause for holding a suspect except in wartime o No ex post facto laws- cannot punish a person for an act committed before there was a law against it. o No bills of attainder-laws that punish people without a trial
![Powers denied Congress o No direct tax- the 16 th amendment allows income tax Powers denied Congress o No direct tax- the 16 th amendment allows income tax](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-26.jpg)
Powers denied Congress o No direct tax- the 16 th amendment allows income tax o No tax on exports o All states must be treated the same o Congress must approve all expenditures of the President through laws o No titles of nobility
![Congressional Elections o Elections are held in November of even numbered years. o Off-Year Congressional Elections o Elections are held in November of even numbered years. o Off-Year](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-27.jpg)
Congressional Elections o Elections are held in November of even numbered years. o Off-Year (mid-term) elections occur during nonpresidential years. o All of the House and 1/3 of the Senate are up for re-election every 2 years
![https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Otbml 6 WIQPo&t=0 s&list=LLB EHBXmo 1 zy. Waf. A 2 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Otbml 6 WIQPo&t=0 s&list=LLB EHBXmo 1 zy. Waf. A 2](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/c88e6dda071fb812b90ece1c000bc10e/image-28.jpg)
https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Otbml 6 WIQPo&t=0 s&list=LLB EHBXmo 1 zy. Waf. A 2 Jsd 9 Sug&index=1
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