THE LEGISLATIVE AMENDMENTS Amendments 16 17 18 21

THE LEGISLATIVE AMENDMENTS Amendments 16, 17, 18, 21, and 27

SIXTEENTH AMENDMENT Congress can raise an income tax without dividing it among the states or basing it on the census Income tax first proposed during Civil War 1909 progressives attached a provision for an income tax to a tariff bill Conservatives wanted to kill the idea so proposed constitutional amendment Ratified on 25 Feb 1913

SEVENTEENTH AMENDMENT Popular election of Senators by the people Meant to make the system more democratic and representative 8 April 1913 states ratified the proposed amendment

EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT Prohibited manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol 16 January 1919 National Temperance Movement Proponents believed the use of alcohol was reckless and destructive Estimated that during prohibition, alcohol consumption and related deaths declined dramatically Helped lead to rise of organized crime

TWENTY-FIRST AMENDMENT Repealed the eighteenth amendment 15 Dec 1933 Utah became 36 th state to ratify Each state now sets its own rules for the sale and importation of alcohol Includes drinking age

TWENTY-SEVENTH AMENDMENT Senators and Representatives do not get pay raise during current session Any raises must take effect after next election Initially sent for ratification in 1789 by James Madison Contained no time limit Ratified in 1992 People were upset by repeated congressional pay increases