The Legacy of World War I 1914 1918

The Legacy of World War I (1914 -1918) Chapter 24, Section 4

Essential Questions: • How can we achieve world peace and make sure World War III never happens? • Should punishments be, “an eye for an eye? ” Or does that leave everyone blind?

League of Nations • International Organization Created by Woodrow Wilson • All Countries Were Suppose to Join • Organization to Settle Conflicts Through Negotiation • Geneva, Switzerland

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge “If we guarantee any country… its independence… we must [keep] at any cost… our word… I wish [the American People] carefully to consider… whether they are willing to have the youth of America ordered to war by other nations. ” - Henry Cabot Lodge, Speech to the Senate, February 28 th, 1919

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge • Did NOT Want the U. S. to Join the League of Nations! • Feared the United States Would be Joining an Alliance • Feared the League of Nations Would Order U. S. Troops All Over the World

14 Points Speech • Woodrow Wilson’s Famous Speech to Congress at the End of WWI • Outlined 14 Ideas to Prevent World Wars: – Smaller Military Forces – End to Secret Treaties – Freedom of the Seas – Free Trade – Changes in National Boundaries – 14 th Point = League of Nations

14 th Point = League of Nations • Wilson’s Most Important Point! • International Organization Created to Settle Disputes Peacefully! • All Countries Were Suppose to Join • Would be in Geneva, Switzerland

Hayes & D’Ascoli… Summer Vacation with Family in the Car Role Play

When Trip Begins!

Midway Through the 2 nd Hour!

Versailles Palace, France

“Peace Without Victory” • Woodrow Wilson Was Considered the Hero of WWI • At the Peace Talks, Woodrow Wilson Wanted, “Peace Without Victory” • Woodrow Wilson Did NOT Want Countries to Seek Revenge

Allies Hated Wilson’s Plan • Britain, France, & Italy HATED Wilson’s “Peace Without Victory” Plan • Britain, France, & Italy Wanted to Punish Germany Heavily for Its’ Part in WWI

The Treaty of Versailles • The Peace Treaty PUNISHED Germany Heavily: – Germany Had to Accept Full Blame for the War! – Germany Was Stripped of Their Colonies – Germany Was Not Allowed Armed Forces (Army) – Germany Had to Pay $33 Billion in War Reparations!

Germany Lost Land!

Versailles Treaty Continued… • Versailles Treaty Divided Up Austria. Hungary Empire Into 2 Countries (Austria & Hungary) • Yugoslavia & Czechoslovakia Became New Countries • Poland Became a New Country

1914 Europe

Present Day Europe

League of Nations • The League of Nations Was Included in the Versailles Treaty! • Wilson Believed League of Nations Would Prevent Future Wars! • U. S. Congress Has to Approve All Treaties! • Henry Cabot Lodge & the Republicans in Congress Did NOT Want the U. S. to Join the League of Nations!

Republicans Stall! • Republicans Did NOT Want the U. S. to Join the League of Nations! • Feared the United States Would be Joining an Alliance • Wanted to Make Woodrow Wilson Look Bad!

Wilson Tries to Rally Support! • Woodrow Wilson Went on a Cross Country Railroad Tour! • Wanted Americans to Call Their Congressman to Support Joining the League of Nations • ½ Way Through the Trip, Wilson Had a Stroke!

Wilson’s Speech to Join the League of Nations • In the covenant (agreement) of the League of Nations, the moral forces of the world are mobilized… They consent… to submit every matter of difference between them to the judgment of mankind, and just so certainly as they do that, war will be pushed out of the foreground of terror in which it has kept the world. » - Woodrow Wilson, Pueblo, Colorado, 9/25/1919

Overall Results of the Treaty of Versailles • U. S. Did NOT Join the League of Nations! • EMBARRASSING! • Treaty of Versailles Did NOT “Make the World Safe for Democracy” • Treaty of Versailles Caused WWII

The Red Scare (1919 -1920) • Fear of Communism Spreading in the United States • U. S. Had a lot of Strikes at the End of WWI • Americans Feared a Communist Revolution (Bolsheviks of 1917) • Red Represents Communism!

Fear of Communism Spread • Public Fear Was High When Mail Bombs Were Sent to Public Officials in 1919 • Americans Blamed Immigrant Anarchists • Anarchy – Radicals Who Don’t Believe in Any Form of Government

Palmer Raids • Attorney General Palmer Ordered Federal Agents to Arrest Suspected Anarchist/Communists • 6, 000 Americans Were Arrested Without Search Warrants or Evidence! • What’s Wrong With This?

Palmer Raids? • Was the U. S. Government Justified in Enforcing the Palmer Raids? Explain!

Fear of Immigrants • The Red Scare Was Also a Fear of “Red” Immigrants Coming to the U. S. • Americans Feared Communists & Anarchists Were Coming into Country • Would Ruin Democracy! • U. S. Started to Limit Immigration!

Sacco & Vanzetti • Famous Trial During the Red Scare • Sacco & Vanzetti Were Italian Born Anarchists • They Were Arrested & Convicted for Killing a Cop in a Bank Robbery • Chances Are They Were Innocent! – Given the Death Penalty!

Racial Tensions Increase • Great Migration Brought 500, 000 African Americans to Northern Cities • Whites & African Americans Competed for Jobs & Housing • Riots Broke Out

nd 2 Class Citizens? • African Americans Had Fought in WWI to “Make the World Safe For Democracy” • Thought They Would Get Equality When They Returned Home • Race Riots Across the Country in 1919 – Swimming in Ocean Story - Chicago/Lake Michigan

“Return to Normalcy” • By 1920 Americans Were Fed Up With: – Labor Strikes – Race Riots – Red Scare – League of Nations – Treaty of Versailles • Warren G. Harding Promised, “Return to Normalcy” • Republican – Won the 1920 Election

Wilson’s 14 Points • Point #1 Attempted to Solve Which Cause of WWI? • Point #4 Attempted to Solve Which Cause of WWI? • Point #’s 2, 3, & 5 Attempted to Solve Which Cause of WWI? • Wilson’s 14 th Point Attempted to Create What?

Hayes & D’Ascoli… Read League of Nations Primary Source DBQ!

Debate! • Was President Woodrow Wilson a “Realist” Realist or an “Idealist? ” Idealist • Think about his 14 Points, League of Nations, as well as “Peace Without Victory”

Essential Questions: • How can we achieve world peace and make sure World War III never happens? • Should punishments be, “an eye for an eye? ” Or does that leave everyone blind?