The Last Judgment before the Renaissance The Last

“The Last Judgment” before the Renaissance… The Last Judgment, Pietro Cavallini, 1293

… “The Last Judgment”…Renaissance Michelangelo The Last Judgment

Developments in the Visual Arts • Greater realism and naturalism – Especially in the depiction of the human body and human emotions – Also shown in religious paintings • Introduction of secular themes and classical myths

Developments in the Visual Arts • Perspective: creates the appearance of three dimesions on a flat surface

Giotto di Bondone • Early pioneer of perspective, symmetry and proportion • Considered by some to be the father of Renaissance painting Life of Saint Francis of Assisi, 1296

Giotto di Bondone The Mourning of Christ, 1305

Fra Angelico, Annunciation, 1425

Advances in realism, naturalism and perspective from Early to High Renaissance Fra Angelico, Annunciation c. 1425 Leonardo, Annunciation c. 1472 -75

The Masters of the Renaissance Not Just Ninja Turtles

Leonardo da Vinci • Born in Vinci • Became a painters apprentice in Florence • A true, “Renaissance Man”

Leonardo the Scientist • Studied anatomy • Dissected animals and humans to learn how bodies move • Perfected proportion

Leonardo the Inventor • Preoccupied with human flight – studied the wings of birds and bats – Designed many ‘flying machines’ including gliders, parachutes, helicopters, and wings – none were successfully built in his lifetime

Leonardo the Artist Detail; Leda and the Swan • Wanted to capture the reality of people and their emotions • Made many sketches before beginning a painting

Leonardo da Vinci, untitled sketch

What is Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting?

Mona Lisa

Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci • Possibly the most famous work of art ever produced • Is currently owned by the French government and hangs in the Louvre in Paris • There has been much speculation about the identity of the model, but it is most likely, Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a wealthy silk merchant in Florence

Why does she look so mysterious? • The horizon line in the back ground is uneven which makes our eyes always come back to focus on her eyes

Why does she look so mysterious? • Leonardo used a technique called sfumato; he blended the lines around her eyes and mouth giving them a sense of vague movement or unclear emotion

More of Mona Lisa’s mystery… • She has been stolen three times • In 1956 acid was thrown on it, damaging the lower portion. It is now in a bullet proof glass case • X-rays have shown there are three different versions of the Mona Lisa hidden under the present one.

Mona Lisa at the Louvre Paris, France

My adventure of seeing the Mona Lisa

Mrs. Dwyer is NOT happy

What about the other art in the room?

Da Vinci • The Last Supper 1495 -1498

Michelangelo Bounarroti • born on March 6, 1475, at Caprese, in Tuscany • Like Leonardo, he was an architect, painter, sculptor, and writer. • Did not like Leonardo

Michelangelo’s Greatest Works • The Pieta was his first large commissioned work • marble

Michelangelo’s Greatest Works • David • commissioned in 1501 • 14 ft tall, single piece of marble • Classical-Hellenistic features

Michelangelo’s Greatest Works • This shows David before he killed Goliath (many previous sculptures of David, depict a very relaxed David with his foot on the dead Goliaths head). Michelangelo’s David looks worried

Michelangelo’s Greatest Works The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel • Fresco; painting on wet plaster • Was asked to paint the 12 apostles and a few decorations on the ceiling of the Sistine chapel • After over one year of painting he revealed a colossal fresco with over 300 figures

Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Sistine Chapel (Details) Head of God, detail from the Creation of Adam

Sistine Chapel (Details) Separation of the Earth from the Waters Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Planets

Sistine Chapel (Details) Ignudo

Michelangelo’s Greatest Works The Last Judgment

Michelangelo’s Greatest Works • The Last Judgment • Also in the Sistine Chapel, but painted several years after the ceiling • Depicts Christ, as the central figure, judging those who will go to heaven or hell •

The Last Judgment (detail) Christ as Judge Saint Bartholomew with a flayed skin

The “fig leaf controversy” and The Last Judgment • Though the painting was commissioned by Pope Paul III, the cardinals Carafa and Sarnini objected to the nudity in the painting and ordered it destroyed • The pope refused, but after the death of the pope and Michelangelo, the genitals were painted over • Yet before finishing the painting Michelangelo painted the portraits of both of the cardinals being condemned to hell

Raffaello Sanzio (Raphael) • Italian, born around the same time as Michelangelo • Primarily a painter • Some architecture

Raphael’s Greatest Works • Used balanced pyramidal arrangement, like Leonardo • Very peaceful bright landscaped backgrounds Raphael Madonna of the Meadow

Raphael’s Greatest Works Raphael The School of Athens

Raphael’s Greatest Works Raphael The School of Athens • Shows mastery of perspective • Depicts the famous mathematicians, philosophers, writers, and artists of ancient Greece in a Renaissance setting

Donatello • Born in Florence • Influenced the early stages of the Renaissance • Primarily a sculptor

Donatello’s Greatest Works • At the time of its creation, it was the first free-standing nude statue since ancient times • Depicts a confident David stepping on the head to the slain Goliath • Bronze Donatello David

Donatello’s Greatest Works • Bronze • Proportion distorted to show power from below • Portrait of a famous Italian mercenary • Commissioned by Cosimo Medici Donatello Equestrian Monument to Gattamelato

Botticelli • Painted secular and mythological scenes in very large scale paintings • Previously only religious paintings were large La Primavera, 1482

Botticelli Venus and Mars, 1485

Sofonisba Anguissola • First woman artist to gain international reputation • Known for portraits Self Portrait, 1556 Portrait of Philip II, 1573

Artemisia Gentileschi n. Daughter of Roman artist n. Painted historical and religious scenes n Most women painted only portraits Judith slaying Holofernes, 1620

Andrea Magtegna, Dead Christ, 1490

The Northern Renaissance Art and Artists

Albrecht Durer • German • One of the founders of the northern Renaissance • Most well known for his wood cuts and self -portraits Durer The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, 1498

Dürer, Self. Portrait at 28, 1500

Jan van Eyck • • Flemish (Belgium) Used oil-based paints Used layering technique Showed detailed personalities • Extremely realistic details The Virgin of the Chancellor Rodin, 1435

Jan van Eyck Wedding Portrait, 1434

Jan van Eyck Wedding Portrait, 1434 Detail from back wall or painting

Pieter Bruegel • Painted common life • From the Netherlands Children’s Games, 1560

Pieter Bruegel Peasant Wedding, 1568

Pieter Bruegel Netherlandish Proverbs, 1559

Peter Bruegel & William Carlos Williams

Hieronymus Bosch • Counter part of Leonardo da Vinci (lived in worked during the same time) • Stressed frailty and wickedness not beauty and nobility of humanity, like Leonardo • Often depicts disturbing images

Hieronymus Bosch’s Great Works • Third Day of Creation • Shows the world under water, refers to the biblical flood • The two panels are the outside doors of a case