The Language Of Medicine th 9 edition DaviEllen

The Language Of Medicine th 9 edition Davi-Ellen Chabner Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1

Chapter 3 Suffixes Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Chapter Goals Define new suffixes and review those presented in previous chapters. Gain practice in word analysis by using these suffixes with combining forms to build and understand terms. Identify the functions of the different types of blood cells in the body. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3

Chapter 3 Lesson 3. 1 Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Suffixes and Terminology NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -algia pain -cele hernia -centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid -coccus berry-shaped bacterium -cyte cell Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5

Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -dynia pain -ectomy excision, removal -emia blood condition -genesis condition of producing, forming -gram record Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6

Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -graph instrument for recording -graphy process of recording -itis inflammation -logy study of -lysis breakdown, destruction, separation Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7

Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -malacia softening -megaly enlargement -oma tumor, mass, collection of fluid -opsy to view (under a microscope) -osis condition, usually abnormal Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8

Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -pathy disease condition -penia deficiency -phobia fear -plasia development, formation, growth -plasty surgical repair Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9

QUICK QUIZ: 1. Which term means fear of heights? A. acromegaly B. hydrophobia C. acrophobia D. agoraphobia Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10

Suffixes and Terminology NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -ptosis drooping, sagging, prolapse -sclerosis hardening -scope instrument for visual examination -scopy process of visual examination -stasis stopping, controlling Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11

Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -stomy opening to form a mouth (stoma) -therapy treatment -tomy incision, cutting into -trophy development, nourishment Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12

Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) SHORTER NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -er -ia -ist -ole -um, ium -us -y one who condition specialist little, small structure, tissue structure, substance condition, process Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13

Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -ac, iac pertaining to -al pertaining to -ar, ary pertaining to -eal pertaining to -genic pertaining to producing, produced by or in Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14

Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -ic, ical pertaining to -oid resembling -ose pertaining to, full of -ous pertaining to -tic pertaining to Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15

Build Terms with Suffixes and Combining Forms + Suffix Meaning arthr/itis blephar/o/ptosis isch/emia oste/o/genic staphyl/o/cocci inflammation of joint drooping eyelid loss of normal blood flow produced by bone tissue berry-shaped bacteria that grow in clusters Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16

Blood Cell Types Erythrocytes Red Blood cells Leukocytes White Blood cells Thrombocytes Clotting cells Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17

Blood Cell Types 1. Erythrocytes Red blood cells Made in bone marrow Carry oxygen from lungs to all body cells Hemoglobin: blood protein Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18

Blood Cell Types (cont’d) 2. Leukocytes White blood cells Five different kinds of leukocytes, divided into two categories Granulocytes Ø Mononuclear leukocytes Ø Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19

Blood Cell Types (cont’d) Granulocytes – three types Eosinophils Basophils Neutrophils Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20

Blood Cell Types (cont’d) Mononuclear Leukocytes – two types Lymphocytes Monocytes Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21

Blood Cell Types (cont’d) 3. Thrombocytes Also known as platelets Tiny fragments of blood cells that are formed in the marrow Necessary for blood clotting Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22

Types of Blood Cells Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23

Types of Blood Cells (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 24

QUICK QUIZ: 2. Which type of blood cells are necessary for clotting? A. erythrocytes B. granulocytes C. monocytes D. thrombocytes Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 25

Review: Hernia Protrusion of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26

QUICK QUIZ: 3. A rectocele is… A. a herniation of the intestines B. protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vaginal wall C. a hiatal hernia D. an omphalocele Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 27

Review: Amniocentesis Withdrawal of the fluid that surrounds the embryo for culture and karyotyping Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 28

Review Streptococcus and Staphylococcus: Bacteria that grow in chains or clusters Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 29

Review (cont’d) Anemia: Reduction in the number of erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood Ischemia: Loss of normal blood flow to a part of the body Tonsillitis: Infected and inflamed tonsils (lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 30

QUICK QUIZ: 4. Which term means inflammation of tonsils? (watch spelling!) A. tonsilitis B. tonsillitis C. tonsillectomy D. tonsilectomy Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 31

Review Acromegaly: An endocrine disorder marked by excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen Leukocytosis: An elevation in the numbers of normal white blood cells in response to an infection Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 32

Review (cont’d) Achondroplasia: A type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs, a normal-sized head and body, and normal intelligence Blepharoptosis: Drooping eyelids Laparoscopy: Visual examination of the abdomen using a laparoscope Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 33

Review (cont’d) Arteriole: Small arteries (arteries carry blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs) Adenoids: Lymphatic tissue in the pharynx near the nose and nasal passages Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 34

QUICK QUIZ: 5. Which is the smallest of blood vessels? A. arteries B. venules C. capillaries D. arterioles Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 35

Pronunciation ā as in āpe ē as in ēven ī as in īce ō as in ōpen ū as in ūnit ă as in ăpple ĕ as in ĕvery ĭ as in ĭnterest ŏ as in pŏt ŭ as in ŭnder Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 36

Pronunciation (cont’d) Examples: acute basophil ischemia paracentesis ă-KŪT BĀ-sō-fĭl ĭs-KĒ-mē-ă pă-ră-cĕn-TĒ-sĭs Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 37