The Language of Composition Arrangement Arrangement Arrangement is

The Language of Composition Arrangement

Arrangement � Arrangement is simply the organization of a speech or text to ensure maximum persuasion. � More than one way � Important for the development of the essay � Depends on author’s purpose and intended effect � Beginning, Middle, End

Classical Model

Exordium (beginning of a web) = � May Introduction be more than one paragraph � Draws the readers in by challenging them, by piquing their interest, getting their attention

Narratio = Narration � Factual info. � Background info. � Level of detail is determined by what audience already knows � Appeal is logos, which helps to establish the author’s ethos

Confirmatio = Confirmation � Specific details � Development of proof � Strongest appeal is logos

Refutatio = refutation � Counterargument given � Serves as a bridge between the proof and the conclusion

Peroratio = conclusion � Can be more than one paragraph � Brings essay to a close � Usually appeals to pathos � Also reminds reader of author’s ethos � Answers the question, so what? � Last words = most likely words to be remembered

Read “Not by Math Alone” � Pages 14 -15 � Note how each section exemplifies the notes you just wrote!

Arrangement � Chronological � Spatial Order � Climactic Order � Topical Order

Arrangement � Chronological � Spatial Order � Climactic Order � Topical Order

Arrangement � Chronological � Spatial Order � Climactic Order � Topical Order

Arrangement � Chronological � Spatial Order � Climactic Order � Topical Order

Arrangement � Chronological � Spatial Order � Climactic Order � Topical Order

Patterns of Development � Narration � Description � Process Analysis � Exemplification � Comparison and Contrast � Classification and Division � Definition � Cause and Effect

Narration What happened? When did it happen? Where did it happen? � Chronological � Concrete detail � Point of view � Often dialogue � Crafts a story that supports thesis

Description What does it look like? What are its characteristics? � Five senses � Vivid picture � Often establishes a mood � Establishes empathy for: ◦ author’s subject, or ◦ author’s argument

Process Analysis � Explains: ◦ How something works ◦ How to do something, or ◦ How something was done � Clarity and Logic Required � Transitions that mark sequence of steps, stage, or phases of process

Exemplification What are some typical cases or examples of it? � provides specific examples to prove a point � showing or illustrating by example � uses specific, vivid examples for the purpose of adding more information to explain, persuade, define, or illustrate a general idea

Comparison/Contrast � Juxtaposes two things to highlight their similarities and differences � Organization: ◦ Subject by subject ◦ Point by point

Classification and Division � Sorting materials or ideas into major categories ◦ What goes together and why ◦ Making connections between things that might otherwise seem unrelated

Definition � Goes beyond the basic dictionary definition � Can use: ◦ Personal Narrative ◦ Description ◦ Exemplification

Cause and Effect � Can analyze from cause to effect � Or from effect to cause � Depends on clear logic � Tracing the causal chain � Don’t jump to hasty conclusions