The Land People of Southeast Asia n Region

The Land People of Southeast Asia n Region n Malay between China and India Peninsula n Archipelago Philippines n “Melting including Indonesia and the pot” of Chinese, Indian, indigenous culture

Geographical Barriers n Oceans n Mountains n Valleys – All resulted in the development of many distinct cultures and languages – Southeast Asia was never unified under one single central government

The Formation of States n Between 500 and 1500 AD n Adopted and adapted government models from India and China n Changed these government models to fit their local needs.

Vietnam n China conquered Vietnam in 111 BC n Tried to make it part of China, but the people were just too hard to control n In the 10 th century Vietnam overthrew the Chinese n They adopted a Confucian centralized government and the merit-based civil service exam

Angkor (Khmer) Kingdom n Jayavarman established the Kingdom of Angkor in what would be Cambodia in the 9 th century. n United the Khmer people and declared himself a “god-king” n Most powerful kingdom on the Southeast Asian mainland until the Thai arrived North of them n The Thai destroyed Angkor’s capital city in 1432

Thailand n In the 6 th century the Thai people were on the frontiers of China. n The Mongol expansion caused the Thai to move southward during the 11 th and 12 th centuries. n Conquered Angkor n Converted to Buddhism n Adopted Indian style government

n Burmans Burma migrated from Tibet in the 7 th century AD to avoid the Chinese invasion. n Started out as pastoralists, became agriculturalists n In the 11 th century they founded the Kingdom of Pagan n Pagan controlled much of the Indian Ocean trade for the next 200 years n The Mongols caused the Pagan decline in the 13 th century.

n The Malay World economy of the people of the Malay Peninsula and Indonesian archipelago was connected to trade on the Indian Ocean between the Indian Kingdoms and East Asia. n The Srivijaya dominated and depended on the trade through the Strait of Malacca in the 8 th century. n The Kingdom of Sailendra (on the island of Java) developed an economy based on farming.

Majapahit n 13 th century became the largest Kingdom in the area n Included most of the archipelago and some of the mainland n Controlled the east Indian Ocean and South China Sea trade for the next 200 years.

Melaka n Islamic state that emerged after the Muslim conquest of northern India. n Muslim merchants moved from India to settle around the Indian Ocean n Settled in Melaka, which became a trading rival to Majapahit n Eventually the entire region was absorbed by the Sultanate of Melaka.

Economic Forces Agricultural Economies 1. Vietnam 2. Angkor 3. Pagan 4. Sailendra Trade Based Economies Srivijaya 2. Sultanate of Melaka 1.

Growth of Indian Ocean and South China Sea Trade n Trade expanded after the emergence of centralized states in Southeast Asia n Muslim conquest of India caused a rise in demand for spices like cloves, pepper, nutmeg, and cinnamon. n Then, as Europe and China both became more wealthy trade in spices and woods like teak and sandalwood increased.