The Kingdom Formerly Known as Protista The Kingdom

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The Kingdom Formerly Known as Protista

The Kingdom Formerly Known as Protista

The Kingdom Formally Known as Protista • Protists are single-celled and usually move by

The Kingdom Formally Known as Protista • Protists are single-celled and usually move by cilia, flagella, or by amoeboid mechanisms.

The Artist Fomerly Known as Prince

The Artist Fomerly Known as Prince

DOMAIN EUKARYA “KINGDOM PROTISTA” • Some are single cellular and some are multicellular

DOMAIN EUKARYA “KINGDOM PROTISTA” • Some are single cellular and some are multicellular

“Kingdom- Protista” • They have organelles including a nucleus and may have chloroplasts, so

“Kingdom- Protista” • They have organelles including a nucleus and may have chloroplasts, so some will be green and others won't be.

“Kingdom- Protista” • They are small, although many are big enough to be recognized

“Kingdom- Protista” • They are small, although many are big enough to be recognized in a dissecting microscope or even with a magnifying glass. • Autotroph

“Kingdom- Protista” • Nutrients are acquired by photosynthesis, ingestion of other organisms, or both.

“Kingdom- Protista” • Nutrients are acquired by photosynthesis, ingestion of other organisms, or both. • 50, 000 Species

Algae n Algae are a diverse group of protists. They range in size from

Algae n Algae are a diverse group of protists. They range in size from microscopic Singlecelled organisms to large Seaweeds that may be hundreds of feet long.

Algae n n n These plant-like protists all carry on photosynthesis. Although most algae

Algae n n n These plant-like protists all carry on photosynthesis. Although most algae are single-cell organisms, some are large multicellular organisms. The largest algae are the seaweeds known as kelp that are hundreds of feet long. All algae, no matter their size, lack tissue differentiation. Most aquatic algae compose the phytoplankton, the foundation of aquatic food chains. Phytoplankton produces almost half the world's carbohydrates and oxygen.

Algae are AUTOTROPHIC Protists- they are called Plantlike because they perform PHOTOSYNTHESIS. n Like

Algae are AUTOTROPHIC Protists- they are called Plantlike because they perform PHOTOSYNTHESIS. n Like plants, Algae contain CHLOROPHYLL and produce their own Carbohydrates giving off Oxygen as a byproduct of Photosynthesis. n

Algae are Different from Plants n Algae are Different from Plants Because they LACK

Algae are Different from Plants n Algae are Different from Plants Because they LACK Tissue Differentiation and have No True Roots, Leaves or Stems.

Algae Photos

Algae Photos

Algae Photomicrographs

Algae Photomicrographs

Algae Photomicrographs

Algae Photomicrographs

brown algae

brown algae

red algae Algae produces almost half the world's carbohydrates and oxygen.

red algae Algae produces almost half the world's carbohydrates and oxygen.

green algae photosynthesis

green algae photosynthesis

Rhodophyta (Red algae)

Rhodophyta (Red algae)

Phaeophyta (Brown algae)

Phaeophyta (Brown algae)

UNICELLULAR ALGAE

UNICELLULAR ALGAE

COLONIAL ALGAE

COLONIAL ALGAE

FILAMENTOUS ALGAE

FILAMENTOUS ALGAE

MULTICELLULAR ALGAE

MULTICELLULAR ALGAE

PHYLUM CHLOROPHYTA- GREEN ALGAE

PHYLUM CHLOROPHYTA- GREEN ALGAE

PHYLUM PHAEOPHYTA - BROWN ALGAE

PHYLUM PHAEOPHYTA - BROWN ALGAE

PHYLUM RHODOPHYTA - RED ALGAE

PHYLUM RHODOPHYTA - RED ALGAE

The END

The END

THE FOUR PHYLA OF PROTOZOANS A. PHYLUM SARCODINA (SCARCODINIANS) MOVE BY EXTENDING Their CYTOPLASM.

THE FOUR PHYLA OF PROTOZOANS A. PHYLUM SARCODINA (SCARCODINIANS) MOVE BY EXTENDING Their CYTOPLASM. B. PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA (ZOOFLAGELLATES) PROPEL THEMSELVES BY FLAGELLA. (c) C. PHYLUM CILIOPHORA (CILIAPHORANS) OR CILIATES MOVE BY HAIRLIKE CILIA. (a) D. PHYLUM SPOROZOA (SPOROZOANS) DO NOT MOVE BY THEMSELVES AT ALL. (b)

PHYLUM SARCODINA

PHYLUM SARCODINA

PHYLUM SARCODINA

PHYLUM SARCODINA

The extending pseudopod of a protozoan like an Amoeba.

The extending pseudopod of a protozoan like an Amoeba.

Marine amoeba

Marine amoeba

HUMAN DISEASE- PHYLUM SARCODINA o o Amoebas can spread by Water, in Food, or

HUMAN DISEASE- PHYLUM SARCODINA o o Amoebas can spread by Water, in Food, or on Dishes causing AMEBIC DYSENTERY which can be Fatal. It lives in the Large Intestines, where it secretes Enzymes that attack the Intestinal Lining and causing deep Ulcers. Affected individuals feel intense pain, and complications arise when the amoebas are carried by the blood to the liver and other organs. This is where the saying "Don't Drink the Water" in certain countries comes from. Travelers are warned never to drink UNTREATED WATER to avoid Amebic Dysentery.

PHYLUM CILIOPHORA, CILIAPHORANS or CILIATES o o The 8, 000 species that make up

PHYLUM CILIOPHORA, CILIAPHORANS or CILIATES o o The 8, 000 species that make up the Phylum Ciliophora swim by means of CILIA, which are short, hairlike cytoplasmic projections that line the cell membrane. The Cilia is used for movement by Beating like Oars to propel the Protists. Most Ciliates live in Freshwater. A common freshwater ciliate is the Paramecium.

Beating cilia of a protozoan

Beating cilia of a protozoan

The cilia movement of a ciliated species of protozoa.

The cilia movement of a ciliated species of protozoa.

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES q The 2, 500 species that make up the Phylum Zoomastigna

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES q The 2, 500 species that make up the Phylum Zoomastigna are characterized by the presence of one or more FLAGELLA, used for moving.

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES q The 2, 500 species that make up the Phylum Zoomastigna

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES q The 2, 500 species that make up the Phylum Zoomastigna are characterized by the presence of one or more FLAGELLA, used for moving. q Some Zooflagellates are free-living freshwater or marine organisms.

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES q The 2, 500 species that make up the Phylum Zoomastigna

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES q The 2, 500 species that make up the Phylum Zoomastigna are characterized by the presence of one or more FLAGELLA, used for moving. q Some Zooflagellates are free-living freshwater or marine organisms. q Many can live inside other organisms in SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP (A relationship in which TWO Different Organisms live closely together; it can be either BENEFICIAL or HARMFUL to the Organism).

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES q The 2, 500 species that make up the Phylum Zoomastigna

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES q The 2, 500 species that make up the Phylum Zoomastigna are characterized by the presence of one or more FLAGELLA, used for moving. q Some Zooflagellates are free-living freshwater or marine organisms. q Many can live inside other organisms in SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP (A relationship in which TWO Different Organisms live closely together; it can be either BENEFICIAL or HARMFUL to the Organism). The Symbiotic Relationship may be: A. MUTUALISTIC RELATIONSHIP - Both Organisms Benefit. B. PARASITIC RELATIONSHIP - Causes Harm to the HOST. q

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES o Some Zooflagellates are parasitic organisms that cause Disease in Humans.

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES o Some Zooflagellates are parasitic organisms that cause Disease in Humans.

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES o o o Some Zooflagellates are parasitic organisms that cause Disease

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES o o o Some Zooflagellates are parasitic organisms that cause Disease in Humans. The Zooflagellate Trypanosoma causes African Trypanosomiasis, "African Sleeping Sickness", in Humans. It produces Toxins that destroy red blood cells, causing the host to become weak. This disease if left untreated eventually attacks the Host's Nervous System, causing DEATH. .

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES o o o Some Zooflagellates are parasitic organisms that cause Disease

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES o o o Some Zooflagellates are parasitic organisms that cause Disease in Humans. The Zooflagellate Trypanosoma causes African Trypanosomiasis, "African Sleeping Sickness", in Humans. It produces Toxins that destroy red blood cells, causing the host to become weak. This disease if left untreated eventually attacks the Host's Nervous System, causing DEATH. Another species called Trypanosoma cruzi, causes Chagas' Disease. It is transmitted by an insect called the "Kissing Bug", patients suffer from fever, and heart damage.

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES o o Some Zooflagellates are parasitic organisms that cause Disease in

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES o o Some Zooflagellates are parasitic organisms that cause Disease in Humans. The Zooflagellate Trypanosoma causes African Trypanosomiasis, "African Sleeping Sickness", in Humans. It produces Toxins that destroy red blood cells, causing the host to become weak. This disease if left untreated eventually attacks the Host's Nervous System, causing DEATH. Another species called Trypanosoma cruzi, causes Chagas' Disease. It is transmitted by an insect called the "Kissing Bug", patients suffer from fever, and heart damage. The Trichonympha lives in the guts of termites, and help the termite digest Cellulose in wood. This is a mutualistic relationship, they both benefit from the relationship.

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES o The Trichonympha lives in the guts of termites, and help

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA, ZOOFLAGELLATES o The Trichonympha lives in the guts of termites, and help the termite digest Cellulose in wood. This is a mutualistic relationship, they both benefit from the relationship.

PHYLUM SPOROZOA, SPOROZOANS o o o 6, 000 species NO Means of Movement. MOST

PHYLUM SPOROZOA, SPOROZOANS o o o 6, 000 species NO Means of Movement. MOST SPOROZOANS ARE SPORE-FORMING PARASITIC (HARMFUL) PROTOZOANS.

PHYLUM SPOROZOA Malaria o o o The Protozoan that causes Malaria is Named Plasmodium,

PHYLUM SPOROZOA Malaria o o o The Protozoan that causes Malaria is Named Plasmodium, and is transmitted by FEMALE Mosquitoes. One way to reduce human deaths (2. 7 million annually) from Malaria is to control mosquito Populations. Without the Mosquito host, the Plasmodium Protozoan CANNOT Complete their Life Cycle. Malaria is usually cured with a drug derived from the Cinchona Tree, which is native to the Americas called Quinine.

I bet you never thought Protists could be this cool.

I bet you never thought Protists could be this cool.

Structure of Paramecium, a typical ciliate.

Structure of Paramecium, a typical ciliate.

phagocytosis

phagocytosis

Scanning electron micrographs of a pennalean (left) and centralean (right) diatom.

Scanning electron micrographs of a pennalean (left) and centralean (right) diatom.

Epithemia smithii

Epithemia smithii

Centric Diatom Silica Skeleton

Centric Diatom Silica Skeleton

Saltwater Pennate Diatom Frustule

Saltwater Pennate Diatom Frustule

Scanning electron micrograph of Peridinium

Scanning electron micrograph of Peridinium

Dinoflagellate

Dinoflagellate

Red tides are population explosions (or blooms) of dinoflagellates

Red tides are population explosions (or blooms) of dinoflagellates

Amoeba Anatomy

Amoeba Anatomy

Sarcodina - Amoeba

Sarcodina - Amoeba

Sarcodina - Amoeba

Sarcodina - Amoeba

Ciliophora - the paramecium

Ciliophora - the paramecium

Ciliophora - the paramecium

Ciliophora - the paramecium