The Kepler Mission S R Kulkarni https kepler

The Kepler Mission S. R. Kulkarni

https: //kepler. nasa. gov/images/videos/transit. Animation 1. mov

KEPLER HAS THE PRECISION TO FIND EARTHS & IT IS THE FIRST TO DISCOVER LIGHT FROM THIS PLANET Measurement scatter is within the line thickness. Magnification by 7 shows transits + occultation Occultation is the size of a transit by Earth-size planet. Rise in light between transits is discovery of light from the planet itself.

IS IT A PLANET OR A FALSE POSITIVE? M* = 1. 3 MSun Mplanet = 3. 9 ± 0. 19 MJupiter r = 6. 31 g/cm 3

ACTIVE-OPTICS IMAGE OF THE TARGET “STAR” SHOWS IT TO BE TWO STARS The fact that there are two stars instead of one makes it difficult to determine the size of the planet and its distance from its star and therefore whether it is in the habitable zone.

KEPLER: A Wide Field-of-View Photometer that Monitors ≥ 150, 000 Stars for 3. 5 yrs with Enough Precision to Find Earth-size Planets in the Habitable Zone • • • Observe for several years to detect transit patterns. Monitor a single large area on the sky continuously to avoid missing transits. Use heliocentric orbit. Observe up to 170, 000 targets at 30 minute cadence & 512 at 1 minute cadence. Photometry done on the ground. Get statistically valid results by monitoring ≥ 100, 000 stars with; • Wide Field-of-view telescope (100 sq deg), and • Large array of CCD detectors. Optical pass band of the instrument 95 cm Schmidt Corrector Focal Plane Radiator 1. 4 m Primary Mirror Focal Plane Electronics Focal Plane w/ 42 Science CCD’s & 4 Fine Guidance Sensors 94. 6 million science pixels 42 science CCDs, 2 channels each 4 fine guidance sensor (FGS) CCDs

LAUNCH ON MARCH 6, 2009 Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level 53 -week, Earth-trailing orbit

Kepler Field of View Click link or graphic to play movie: http: //kepler. nasa. gov/multimedia/Animationsand. More/animations/mediatelecona nimations/? Image. ID=106

Kepler Orrery or·rer·y ˈôrərē/ noun: orrery; plural noun: orreries a mechanical model of the solar system, or of just the sun, earth, and moon, used to represent their relative positions & motions. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=An. Y 1 Vl 6 Ba. Yo

Today!

Pushing to ηEarth – Q 1 -Q 17 planet catalogue 12 new, small planet candidates in the habitable zone 521 new planet candidates total Detection completeness measured over full observing baseline, full target list Automated vetting procedure

Earth-like planet

KEPLER’S FIRST ROCKY PLANET: KEPLER-10 b

Kepler-10 Light Curve 15

Kepler-10 Light Curve Period = 45. 29 days 16

Kepler-10 Light Curve Period = 45. 29 days 17

Period = 45. 29 days Kepler-10 Light Curve Period =. 84 days

Period = 45. 29 days Kepler-10 Light Curve Period =. 84 days

Doppler Measurements Yield Planet Mass = 4. 6 M

Composition of Kepler-10 b

Multi-planet systems

Durations in Systems

Kepler-11 parameters

Asteroseismology

ASTEROSEISMOLOGY RESULTS PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THE SIZE AND AGES OF STARS & PLANETS Young, rapidly oscillating stars. Frequency-power spectra of three solar-like stars. Old, slowly pulsating stars. Color-magnitude diagram for NGC 6819. Kepler results are a major improvement over all prior observations.

CLOSE ENCOUNTERS EXCITE “A” STARS KOI-54: The Remarkable Pulsating, Periastron-Pumped Binary Star. W. Wesh et al

KEPLER ASTEROSEISMIC SCIENCE CONSORTIUM INVESTIGATIONS