The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology n

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

Clinical Pharmacology n n Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Drug metabolism Drug interactions Therapeutic review

Orientation to Pharmacology Lu-Tai Tien, Ph. D. Department of Medicine School of Medicine Fu-Jen Catholic University

Ready to study pharmacology? n Pharmacology is a science that draws on information from multiple disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, psychology, chemistry, and microbiology etc.

Four basic terms n n Drug Pharmacology Clinical pharmacology Therapeutics/pharmacotherapeutics

Drug n A drug is define as any chemical that can affect living processes. n All chemicals can be considered drugs, since, when given in large enough amounts, all chemicals will have some effect on life.

Pharmacology n Pharmacology can be defined as the study of drug and their interactions with living systems. n n the physical and chemical properties of drugs as well as their biochemical and physiologic effects knowledge of the history, sources and uses of drugs as well as knowledge of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Clinical pharmacology n Clinical pharmacology is defined as the study of drugs in humans. n This discipline includes the study of drugs in patients and in healthy volunteers.

Therapeutics n n Therapeutics, also known as pharmacotherapeutics, is defined as the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease. Alternatively, therapeutics can be defined simply as the medical use of drugs.

Properties of an ideal drug n n n Effectiveness Safety Selectivity

Additional properties of an ideal drug n n n n Reversible action Predictability Ease of administration Freedom from drug interactions Low cost Chemical stability Possession of a simple generic name

No drug is ideal…… n n n No drug is safe. All drugs produce side effects. Because medications are not ideal, all members of the healthcare team must exercise care to promote therapeutic effects and minimize drug-induced harm.

藥物動力學四大過程 n n 藥物的吸收 (Absorption) 藥物的分佈 (Distribution) 藥物的代謝 (Metabolism) 藥物排泄 (Excretion/elimination)

決定藥物在細胞膜兩側分佈情 形的方式 Henderson-Hasselbalch equation 不帶有質子的分子 p. H = p. Ka + log 帶有質子的分子 For acids: p. H = p. Ka + log For bases: p. H = p. Ka + log [A-] [HA] [BH+]

代謝動力學 n Michaelis-Menten kinetics V = 藥物的代謝速率 = [C]: 藥物的濃度 Km: Michaelis-Menten 常數 Vmax [C] Km + [C]

Answer: D n n n Vd = D/C D: 體內藥物的總量 C: 血漿中藥物的濃度 D = 100 mg = 1 10 -1 g C = 20 µg/ml = 2 10 -5 g/ml Vd = D/C = 1 10 -1 g = 0. 5 104 = 5 103 ml = 5 L 2 10 -5 g/ml