The Iroquois of the Eastern Woodland Subsistence What

The Iroquois of the Eastern Woodland

Subsistence • What type of food did the Iroquois eat?

Subsistence • What type of food did the Iroquois eat? Ø Iroquois were mostly farmers. They grew crops like, beans, sunflowers, squash, and even corn.

Subsistence Stone hearths- stone, or concrete area in front of a fireplace. • What type of food did the Iroquois eat? Ø Iroquois were mostly farmers. They grew crops like, beans, sunflowers, squash, and even corn. Ø Iroquois Indian dishes included cornbread, soups, and stews cooked on stone hearths

Subsistence • What type of food did the Iroquois eat? Ø Iroquois were mostly farmers. They grew crops like, beans, sunflowers, squash, and even corn. Ø Iroquois Indian dishes included cornbread, soups, and stews cooked on stone hearths Ø They were also pretty skilled hunters. Black bears, elk, deer, rabbits, and wolves would be killed and eaten.

Subsistence • What type of food did the Iroquois eat? Ø Iroquois were mostly farmers. They grew crops like, beans, sunflowers, squash, and even corn. Ø Iroquois Indian dishes included cornbread, soups, and stews cooked on stone hearths Ø They were also pretty skilled hunters. Black bears, elk, deer, rabbits, and wolves would be killed and eaten. Ø And after winter times was a time called “Fishing Season” or spring as we know, the Iroquois men often go fishing for various fish.

Subsistence • What type of food did the Iroquois eat? Ø Iroquois were mostly farmers. They grew crops like, beans, sunflowers, squash, and even corn. Ø Iroquois Indian dishes included cornbread, soups, and stews cooked on stone hearths Ø They were also pretty skilled hunters. Black bears, elk, deer, rabbits, and wolves would be killed and eaten. Ø And after winter times was a time called “Fishing Season” or spring as we know, the Iroquois men often go fishing for various fish. Ø The Iroquois also ate many bird animals such as turkey, duck, and other wild birds.

Subsistence • What type of food did the Iroquois eat? Ø Iroquois were mostly farmers. They grew crops like, beans, sunflowers, squash, and even corn. Ø Iroquois Indian dishes included cornbread, soups, and stews cooked on stone hearths Ø They were also pretty skilled hunters. Black bears, elk, deer, rabbits, and wolves would be killed and eaten. Ø And after winter times was a time called “Fishing Season” or spring as we know, the Iroquois men often go fishing for various fish. Ø The Iroquois also ate many bird animals such as turkey, duck, and other wild birds. Ø Women and children were great gatherers. Obtaining resources like mushrooms, eggs, fruits, vegetables and wild nuts.

Subsistence Continued • How were the Iroquois able to obtain their food?

Subsistence Continued • How were the Iroquois able to obtain their food? Ø The Iroquois were excellent farmers so the agriculture thrived.

Subsistence Continued • How were the Iroquois able to obtain their food? Ø The Iroquois were excellent farmers so the agriculture thrived. Ø Iroquois hunters used tomahawks, spears, clubs and bow & arrows. The Iroquois fishers also use spears as well as nets, fishing poles, and sometimes their bare hands

Subsistence Continued • How were the Iroquois able to obtain their food? Ø The Iroquois were excellent farmers so the agriculture thrived. Ø Iroquois hunters used tomahawks, spears, clubs and bow & arrows. The Iroquois fishers also use spears as well as nets, fishing poles, and sometimes their bare hands

Subsistence Continued • How were the Iroquois able to obtain their food? Ø The Iroquois were excellent farmers so the agriculture thrived. Ø Iroquois hunters used tomahawks, spears, clubs and bow & arrows. The Iroquois fishers also use spears as well as nets, fishing poles, and sometimes their bare hands Ø The Iroquois were very good at collecting goods in the wilderness

Clothing • What type of clothing did they wear? Ø Iroquois men wore breechcloths, with long leggings during the summer and sometimes they wore even kilts. In the winter they wore a large robe or cape with moccasins and everything else they wore in the summer.

Clothing • What type of clothing did they wear? Ø Iroquois men wore breechcloths, with long leggings during the summer and sometimes they wore even kilts. In the winter they wore a large robe or cape with moccasins and everything else they wore in the summer. Ø The women wore wraparound skirts with short leggings and women often wore a large tunic called an overdress. Also wearing moccasins and robes during winter.

Clothing Continued • What materials were used to make up their clothing? Ø Iroquois clothing was mostly made up of deer hide or skin. Can also be made up of other animal hide.

Clothing Continued • What materials were used to make up their clothing? Ø Iroquois clothing was mostly made up of deer hide or skin. Can also be made up of other animal hide. Ø Other materials such as cornhusk, plants and tree fiber made up other things such as masks and breechcloths.

Shelter • What Types of shelter did the Iroquois build?

Shelter • What Types of shelter did the Iroquois build? Ø They build large longhouses. Ø A very large longhouse can fit up to 18 families! Ø There would be a big village full of these between 20 -200

Shelter continued • What materials did they use to make shelter?

Shelter continued • What materials did they use to make shelter? Ø Longhouses were made ups of many materials that include elm tree bark for covering, wooden pole frames for support and stability and animal hide in winter to keep them warm.

TRANSPORTATION • What did the Iroquois use for transportation?

TRANSPORTATION • What did the Iroquois use for transportation? Ø The Iroquois did lots of traveling by canoe. The Iroquois used it for fishing as well.

TRANSPORTATION • What did the Iroquois use for transportation? Ø The Iroquois did lots of traveling by canoe. The Iroquois used it for fishing as well. Ø However the Iroquois mostly preferred to travel by foot and in winter they use snowshoes

TRANSPORTATION • What did the Iroquois use for transportation? Ø The Iroquois did lots of traveling by canoe. The Iroquois used it for fishing as well. Ø However the Iroquois mostly preferred to travel by foot and in winter they use snowshoes. Ø They also use sleds pulled by dogs in the winter as well.

TRANSPORTATION continued • What materials did they use?

TRANSPORTATION continued • What materials did they use? Ø Most of the canoes were made of tree bark, Mostly elm and sometimes birch. The bark is place on the frame of the canoe made from same type of wood.

TRANSPORTATION continued • What materials did they use? Bough- the main branch of a tree Sinew-a piece of tough fibrous tissue uniting muscle to bone or bone to bone; a tendon or ligament. Ø Most of the canoes were made of tree bark, Mostly elm and sometimes birch. The bark is place on the frame of the canoe made from same type of wood. Ø Snowshoes were made from tree boughs bent into frames and laced with animal sinew.

Social organizations and Government • How where members of the group divided?

Social organizations and Government • How where members of the group divided? Ø A married Iroquois couple live on the brides side of the family Ø A village is made of these families

Social organizations and Government • How where members of the group divided? Ø A married Iroquois couple live on the brides side of the family Ø A village is made of these families • Who were the leaders and how were they chosen?

Social organizations and Government • How where members of the group divided? Ø A married Iroquois couple live on the brides side of the family Ø A village is made of these families • Who were the leaders and how were they chosen? Ø The leaders are the Military Chief and the “Civil Chief”

Social organizations and Government • How where members of the group divided? Ø A married Iroquois couple live on the brides side of the family Ø A village is made of these families • Who were the leaders and how were they chosen? Ø The leaders are the “Military Chief“ and the “Civil Chief” Ø The women elders are the ones who chose them and had authority to remove them.

Social organizations and Government Continued • Who had power and authority?

Social organizations and Government Continued • Who had power and authority? Ø The Military Chief the Civil Chief and the elderly women had authority

Social organizations and Government Continued • Who had power and authority? Ø The Military Chief the Civil Chief and the elderly women had authority • How were decisions made for the group?

Social organizations and Government Continued • Who had power and authority? Ø The Military Chief the Civil Chief and the elderly women had authority • How were decisions made for the group? Ø Decisions were made democratically by representatives in a council.

Social organizations and Government Continued • Who had power and authority? Ø The Military Chief the Civil Chief and the elderly women had authority • How were decisions made for the group? Ø Decisions were made democratically by representatives in a council. • What Ceremonies were preformed?

Social organizations and Government Continued • Who had power and authority? Ø The Military Chief the Civil Chief and the elderly women had authority • How were decisions made for the group? Ø Decisions were made democratically by representatives in a council. • What Ceremonies were preformed? Ø There are 6 ceremonies held annually in every Iroquois village or nation. 4 about crops and the rest about curing ill and thanksgiving.

Religion • What was their spiritual belief?

Religion • What was their spiritual belief? • The Iroquois believed in the Great Spirit, who was responsible for the creation of human beings, the plants and animals, and the forces of good in nature.

Religion • What was their spiritual belief? • The Iroquois believed in the Great Spirit, who was responsible for the creation of human beings, the plants and animals, and the forces of good in nature. • Believed that the Great Spirit would guide their lives

Religion • What was their spiritual belief? Ø The Iroquois believed in the Great Spirit, who was responsible for the creation of human beings, the plants and animals, and the forces of good in nature. Ø Believed that the Great Spirit would guide their lives. • Who did they worship?

Religion • What was their spiritual belief? Ø The Iroquois believed in the Great Spirit, who was responsible for the creation of human beings, the plants and animals, and the forces of good in nature. Ø Believed that the Great Spirit would guide their lives. • Who did they worship? Ø They worshiped many myths including the following Ø Three Sisters Ø Sky Woman Ø The Twin Gods Ø and many others Ø

Religion Continued • Who were their religious leaders? Ø

Religion Continued • Who were their religious leaders? Ø The elder or the wise who told the may folktales, myths and spiritual beliefs Ø There were also part-time male and female spiritual specialist called “Keepers of Faith” Ø

Religion Continued • What were the Iroquois ceremonies? Ø Iroquois hade 6 main annual ceremonies , 4/6 of which are about corn crops Ø The ceremonies are the following Ø the Ø the New Year Festival Maple Festival Corn Planting Festival Strawberry Festival Green Corn Festival Harvest Festival of Thanksgiving

Religion Continued • How were the ceremonies conducted?

Religion Continued • How were the ceremonies conducted? Ø Ceremonies are conducted by the tribe itself and by the “Keepers of the Faith” Ø The ceremonies were tribal affairs of concerns of farming, curing illness, and thanksgiving. Ø The 6 ceremonies are all seasonal starting with the New Years festival all the way to the Thanksgiving festival

Map of the Iroquois • The Iroquois lived in the southern part of Ontario and Québec and most of New York State

Map of the Iroquois • The Iroquois lived in the southern part of Ontario and Québec and most of New York State Climate • The climate varied on the season and it was never extreme, the climate was very distinct. Cold winters, warm in spring, hot in the summer and cool in the fall

Map of the Iroquois • The Iroquois lived in the southern part of Ontario and Québec and most of New York State Climate • The climate varied on the season and it was never extreme, the climate was very distinct. Cold winters, warm in spring, hot in the summer and cool in the fall Vegetation • • • Heavily forested with mixed coniferous and deciduous trees. Vegetation can live in bad or good mountain soil. Trees living beside rivers and bodies of water are in much richer soil, benefiting their health and durability.

Map of the Iroquois Continued Topography • The region had large bodies of water like Lake Ontario, many rivers and smaller lakes. • • The land had very fertile and rich soil This region is a very big forest full of trees, lots of vegetation they didn’t need to grow, and more.

Works consulted • Cranny, Michael William. Crossroads: A Meeting of Nations. Scarborough, Ont. : Prentice Hall Ginn Canada, 1998. Print. • Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Indian Fact Sheet. Facts for Kids: Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Indians. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2016. • Homes of the Past: The Archaeology of an Iroquoian Longhouse. Royal Ontario Museum. N. p. , 2012. Web. 06 June 2016. • Iroquois - Religion and Expressive Culture. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2016. • Iroquois Daily Life. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2016. • Iroquois Hunting Tools. Entertainment Guide. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2016. • Iroquois. - New World Encyclopedia. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2016. • Iroquois. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2016. • Kalynn, Jessica. The Iroquois of the Eastern Woodlands. N. p. , 2004. Web. 06 June 2016. • Native Languages of the Americas: Haudenosaunee/Iroquois Legends, Myths, and Stories. Iroquois Legends (Haudenosaunee Folklore, Myths, and Traditional Indian Stories). N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2016. • The Eastern Woodland Farmers - Groups in This Region. Goldie Productions Ltd. , 2005. Web. 06 June 2016.