THE INVERTERS Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter Prentice Hall

THE INVERTERS Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

DIGITAL GATES Fundamental Parameters l l Functionality Reliability, Robustness Area Performance » Speed (delay) » Power Consumption » Energy Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Noise in Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

DC Operation: Voltage Transfer Characteristic Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Mapping between analog and digital signals Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Definition of Noise Margins Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

The Regenerative Property Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Fan-in and Fan-out Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

The Ideal Gate Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

VTC of Real Inverter Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Delay Definitions Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Ring Oscillator Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Power Dissipation Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

CMOS INVERTER Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

The CMOS Inverter: A First Glance Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

CMOS Inverters VDD PMOS 1. 2 mm =2 l Out In Metal 1 Polysilicon NMOS GND Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Switch Model of CMOS Transistor Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

CMOS Inverter: Steady State Response Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

CMOS Inverter: Transient Response Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

CMOS Properties l l l Full rail-to-rail swing Symmetrical VTC Propagation delay function of load capacitance and resistance of transistors No static power dissipation Direct path current during switching Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Voltage Transfer Characteristic Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

CMOS Inverter VTC Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Simulated VTC Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Gate Switching Threshold Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

MOS Transistor Small Signal Model Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Determining VIH and VIL Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Propagation Delay Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

CMOS Inverter: Transient Response Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

CMOS Inverter Propagation Delay Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Computing the Capacitances Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

CMOS Inverters VDD PMOS 1. 2 mm =2 l Out In Metal 1 Polysilicon NMOS GND Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

The Miller Effect Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Computing the Capacitances Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Impact of Rise Time on Delay Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Delay as a function of VDD Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Where Does Power Go in CMOS? Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Dynamic Power Dissipation Vdd Vin Vout CL Energy/transition = CL * Vdd 2 Power = Energy/transition * f = CL * Vdd 2 * f Not a function of transistor sizes! Need to reduce CL, Vdd, and f to reduce power. Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Impact of Technology Scaling Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Technology Evolution Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Technology Scaling (1) Minimum Feature Size Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Technology Scaling (2) Number of components per chip Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Propagation Delay Scaling Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Technology Scaling Models Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Scaling Relationships for Long Channel Devices Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995

Scaling of Short Channel Devices Digital Integrated Circuits Inverter © Prentice Hall 1995