The inventor of spirometer John Hutchinson 1846 Static

The inventor of spirometer: John Hutchinson (1846)

Static lung volumes IC

Slow (SVC) and forced (FVC) vital capacity in health and disease

Asthma (55 year, female) FVC: 2. 4 (73 ref%) – 3. 1 (92 ref%) FEV 1: 1. 0 (36 ref%) – 1. 5 (52 ref%) FEV 1/FVC: 42% - 49%

COPD = postbronchodilator FEV 1/FVC<70%

Mild lung fibrosis (53 year, male) FVC: 92 ref% FEV 1: 89 ref% FEV 1/FVC: 77% TLC: 85 ref% RV: 83 ref% DLCO: 52 ref%

Severe fibrosis (62 year, female) FVC: 75 ref% FEV 1: 78 ref% FEV 1/FVC: 87% TLC: 63 ref% RV: 57 ref% DLCO: 34 ref%

Heart failure (83 year, female) FVC: 55 ref% FEV 1: 49 ref% FEV 1/FVC: 74%

Ventilation and V/Q ratio

Branching of the airways

Volumes, flows and pressures during the breathing cycle in the normal lung

Elastic forces and airway diameter

Healthy COPD

Spirogram and flow-volume loop

Typical spirograms

Typical spirograms and flow-volume loops

Etiology of obstructive and restrictive ventilatory disorders

Pathophysiology of the variable lesion of the major airways

Typical F-V loops in cases of lesions of the major airways

Flow-volume loops A: normal, B: obstructive, C: restrictive

Inhalative provocation test with metacholin

Asthma

COPD

COPD

Lung fibrosis

Provocation tests 1. Metacholine 0. 03. . . 8 mg/ml 2. Histamine 3. Exercise

Pharm. spir. Beta-2 agonist Parasympatholytics Xantin derivate

Use of spacer with MDI