THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB Chapter 2

THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB: Chapter 2 by Silvia Pereira

History of the Internet l Began as a networking project by the Pentagon – Goal was to build a network that: l l Allowed scientists from around the world to share information and work together Could work even if part of the network was destroyed by a disaster

How the Internet Works l Connecting to the Internet – Dial-up access l – DSL and ISDN l – The modem on the computer uses a telephone line to connect (slow speed) A higher speed connection using regular copper telephone wires Cable Modem l Provides high-speed connection through a cable television network

Access Providers l These are businesses that give people and companies access to the Internet for a fee. – An ISP gives phone numbers which allow access l – – Connects people to an access point (point of presence: POP) An OSP includes member-only features A WSP provides wireless access to users with wireless modems or Web-enabled mobile devices

How Data Travels the Internet l Connected computers work together to transfer data and information around the world – l l Use servers and clients Carriers of network traffic are known as the Internet backbone Data is transferred from one network to another until it reaches its final destination

Internet Addresses l An addressing system is needed to send data to a specific destination – – An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer to the Internet A Domain name is the text version of an IP address l Every domain name has a top-level domain, identifying the organization associated with the domain

The World Wide Web l l Each document on the Web is called a Web page A Web site is a collection of related pages and items that are stored on a Web server A Web browser allows users to use pages A home page is the first page a Web site shows – l Can be changed to whatever the user wants it to be Downloading is how a computer gets information

Web Addresses l l Each Web page has a unique address, known as a URL A URL is typed into the Address text box at the top of the browser window – l It consists of a protocol, domain name, and maybe a path to a specific page A Web server is a computer that sends requested pages to computers

Navigating Web Pages l Links – Connect from a Web page to another related page l – – Nonlinear way to get information Use of links is referred to as “surfing the Web” Are usually underlined and in a color different from the other text on that page

Searching for Info on the Web l A search engine finds Web sites and pages about chosen topics – – l l Keywords are entered in the text box Hits, or Web page names that contain text with the keywords, are displayed A spider is a program that saves the list of keywords used A subject directory puts pages into a set of categories

Types of Web Pages l l Portal News Informational Business/Marketing l l Educational Entertainment Advocacy Personal Caution! No one oversees the contents of these pages, so don’t assume they’re accurate.

Multimedia on the Web l An application that combines text with: – – – Graphics Animation Audio Video Virtual reality Plug-Ins

E-Commerce l A business transaction occurring over the Web – B 2 C: sale of goods and services to the public l – C 2 C: when one consumer sells directly to another l – Electronic storefront Online auction B 2 B: when a business offers goods and services to another business l Technical support

E-Mail l It’s the transmission of messages and files via a computer network – – E-mail program: used to conduct e-mails One must address to whom e-mail is being sent to l l – An address has a user name and a domain name A user name is unique to each user in a domain Address books are useful l Contains a list of names and e-mail addresses

FTP and Mailing Lists l File Transfer Protocol – l Permits file uploading and downloading Mailing Lists – Group of e-mail names and addresses under a single name l l Everyone on that list receives a copy of a message in their mailbox Can subscribe and unsubscribe

Newsgroups and Message Boards l Newsgroups: – – Online area where users have discussions about a particular subject through articles Members send messages so others can reply l – – Thread: a discussion that’s made up of an original article and all subsequent replies A news server stores and distributes messages Message boards are similar to newsgroups, but they don’t need a newsreader to participate in discussion

Chat Rooms and Instant Messaging l Chat rooms – Place on the server that allows users to chat l Chat: a real-time conversation – l Real-time: people are conversing online at the same time; no time elapse Instant Messaging – Communication service that allows people to exchange message or files l Also in real-time

Netiquette l Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow on the Internet – – – Avoid offensive language Avoid sending spam Don’t use all capital letters l – Use emoticons to express emotion l – It’s like SHOUTING! : ) Use abbreviations and acronyms for phrases l BRB means Be Right Back

Web Publishing l l It’s the development and maintenance of Web pages Five major steps to Web publishing – – – Plan a Web site Analyze and design a Web site Create a Web site Deploy a Web site Maintain a Web site

5 Steps of Web Publishing l Plan a Web site – – l Identify the purpose of the site Determine ways to make the site unique Analyze and design a Web site – – Determine how to meet the aforementioned goals Design the layout l – Text, graphics, audio, video, and virtual reality Decide if this is possible, or if it is taking on too much

5 Steps of Web Publishing cont’d l Create a Web site – l Compose the site Deploy a Web site – Store the site on a Web server l l Registering the site with search engines is a good way to ensure many people see it, for it will appear in the hit list for searches on related keywords Maintain a Web site – Frequently make sure information is updated and links are current