THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK Palisades High School

THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK Palisades High School August 5, 2016 Los Angeles

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) December 10, 1948 3

DECLARATION: Document stating standards or principles but which is not legally binding. Examples: UDHR Preamble: Recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. . . UDHR Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood. CONVENTION: Legally binding agreement between states. Synonymous with Covenant and Treaty. 4

INTERNATIONAL BILL OF RIGHTS Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, 1948) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR, 1966) (ICESCR, 1966) 5

WHAT ARE CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS? Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression. EXAMPLES?

WHAT ARE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS? National Economic and Social Rights Initiative (NESRI): Rights based on principles of dignity and freedom. Both are severely compromised when human beings cannot meet their fundamental needs. Economic and social rights guarantee that every person be afforded conditions under which they are able to meet their needs. Amnesty International: Social and economic rights are concerned with basic human needs— for food, shelter, water and for the means to provide those things for oneself. We recognize that a person who is starving, who is homeless, who does not have the means to provide for their own basic needs, cannot realize any other human right. We demand dignity for all. Yahoo Answers: …economic rights tend to be considered as requiring States to take action, usually in the form of specific legislation, policies or programmes, so those rights can be realised.

PRINCIPAL HUMAN RIGHTS CONVENTIONS Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966 Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966* Genocide Convention, 1948* Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1966* Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1979 Convention against Torture, 1984* Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006 * = Ratified by the United Stated

WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS? • Universal • Indivisible • Interdependent • Interrelated Vienna Declaration of Human Rights, 1993

Therefore the General Assembly proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society. . . shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms. . . Preamble, Universal Declaration of Human Rights