THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM CLINICAL BURNS BURNS NAME DEFINITION

THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM - CLINICAL

BURNS

BURNS NAME DEFINITION 1 st Degree Redness and pain 2 nd Degree Only affects the epidermis (a sunburn would fall in this category) Affects the epidermis and dermis 3 rd Degree Reaches the subcutaneous layer Stiff, waxy white, leathery or tan; possible numbness (due to nerve damage) 4 th Degree Affects structures beyond the skin (muscle & bone) blackened or charred; may feel no pain (due to substantial nerve damage) BURNS - IDENTIFICATION APPEARANCE Redness, pain, swelling, possibly blisters, and may look wet or moist

1 st degree & small 2 nd degree: 1. Flood the area with cool tap water 2. Aloe 3. Burn creams BURNS - TREATMENTS

Severe burns: 1. Sterile covering 2. IV fluids 3. Pain relievers (ex. Morphine – exp. when changing coverings) 4. Antibiotics 5. Surgical (breathing assistance, skin graphs, reconstruction) BURNS - TREATMENTS

BEDSORES

Occurs in the portion of skin that has been pressed against a hard object (bone) for an extended period of time so that the area has been deprived of blood supply BEDSORES

BEDSORES

1. Rotating body about every 2 hours. (Changes pressure point locations) BEDSORES - TREATMENT

PSORIASIS

1. Possible autoimmune disorder. (increased activity of T cells) 2. Life cycle of skin cells occurs too quickly. (days instead of weeks) 3. Cells build up rapidly on the surface of the skin. (dead skin & WBC don’t slough off quickly enough) 4. Forms thick, silvery scales and itchy, dry, red patches that are sometimes painful. (may be localized or cover large areas) PSORIASIS

1. Topical treatments a. corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory to suppress the immune system) 2. Phototherapy a. natural ultraviolet light (activated T cells are destroyed; intense exposure will cause skin damage) b. artificial UV light (controlled doses of UV light on specific areas of the body) 3. Internal medications (severe side effects – only used briefly and alternated with otherapies) PSORIASIS - TREATMENTS

SEBORRHEA

Hyperactivity of the sebaceous glands, causing greasy skin and dandruff (possibly due to a yeast infection or autoimmune disorder) SEBORRHEA

1. Creams / Ointments (corticosteroids) 2. Shampoos (over-the-counter dandruff shampoos / antifungal prescription) SEBORRHEA - TREATMENTS

FUNGAL INFECTIONS

1. Ringworm a. Tinea corporis – body b. Tinea pedis – foot c. Tinea capitis – scalp 2. Top layer of the skin 3. Spread by direct skin-to-skin contact FUNGAL INFECTIONS

HAIR LOSS

1. Normal shedding: 50 – 100 hairs / day 2. Causes: a. heredity – male pattern baldness / female pattern baldness; age of hair loss b. hormone changes – pregnancy, menopause, thyroid problem c. medical conditions d. medications – for cancer, arthritis, high blood pressure. Also, consuming too much vitamin A e. other causes (Source: Mayo Clinic) HAIR LOSS

Alopecia areata Autoimmune disease that attacks hair follicles – not all follicles are affected HAIR LOSS – MEDICAL CONDITIONS

Traction alopecia Hair loss due to extended pressure like ponytails, braids, and cornrows HAIR LOSS – OTHER REASONS