The influence of final consonants on some Vietnamese

The influence of final consonants on some Vietnamese tones spoken in Udon Thani province, Thailand Songgot Paanchiangwong Ph. D candidate Faculty of Linguistics and Vietnamese study University of Social Sciences and Humanities Hanoi National University, Vietnam Songgot_p@yahoo. com

Aim of this paper To find out the dialect of Vietnamese spoken in Udon Thani province, Thailand

Introduction to Udon Thani province

Introduction to Vietnamese immigrants in Udon Thani province, Thailand The Vietnamese immigrants call themselves as “Viê t kiê u”. Old Vietnamese immigrants “Viê t kiê u cu ” New Vietnamese immigrants “Viê t kiê u mơ i”

The old Vietnamese immigrants “Viê t kiê u cu ” Since 1656 – 1688 Until 1824 - 1910

The new Vietnamese immigrants “Viê t kiê u mơ i” During World War II (around 1945)

Proportion of Vietnamese immigrants in Udon Thani, Thailand

Hypothesis of this paper Therefore most of Vietnamese immigrants in Udon Thani came from the Central of Vietnam, the Vietnamese spoken in Udon thani should be Central dialect.

Findings 1. There are 6 tones. 2. Two groups of final consonants which influence on some tones; 2. 1 Nasal; / m /, / n /, / ŋ /. 2. 2 Voiceless Stop; / p /, / t /, / k /.

3. Three tones are influenced by those final consonants. They are: 3. 1 Tone “Nga ” 3. 2 Tone “Să c” 3. 3 Tone “Nă ng” 4. Others tone can be pronounced as the same in Vietnam

1. Nasal influences on tone “Nga ” (A) “Nga ” with others (B) “Nga ” with Nasal 400 - 300 - 200 - 100 - “ro ” “ngư ” “rô i” 200 - “dươ ng” “nhiê m” “nhâ n” 100 -

2. Voiceless Stop influences on tone “Să c” (A) “Să c” with others 400 - 300 - 200 - 100 - (B) “Să c” with Voiceless stop 300 - “co ” “đê n” “miê ng” 200 - 100 - “châ t” “lă p” “o c”

3. Voiceless Stop influences on tone “Nă ng” (A) “Nă ng” with others (B) “Nă ng” with Voiceless stop 400 - 300 - 200 - 100 - “la o xa o” “phu ” “đô i” 100 - “mă t” “du c” “lâ p”

By comparison with the works of “Đoa n Thiê n Thuâ t” and “Hoa ng Thi Châu”

The comparison of tone “Nga ” Vnm in Udon Thani Hanoi dialect 400 - (A) (B) (A) 300 - 200 - 100 - (B)

The comparison of tone “Să c” Vnm in Udon Thani 400 - (B) Hanoi dialect (A) 400 - 300 - 200 - 100 - (B) (A)

The comparison of tone “Nă ng” Vnm in Udon Thani Hanoi dialect 400 - 300 - 200 - (B) 100 - (A)

Conclusion The Vietnamese tone spoken in Udon Thani, Thailand, has characteristic as below: there are 6 tones as the North Vietnamese. tone “Nga ”, “Să c”, “Nă ng” are the same pronunciation as in Hanoi dialect.

References • • • • • • • Thai Burutphat, Khachatphai. Immigrated Vietnamese. Duang Kamol publishing, Bangkok, Thailand, 1978. Srichampa, Sophana. Encyclopedia of ethnology in Thailand : Vietnam. Institute of Language and Culture for rural development, Mahidol University, Thailand, 2005. Sripana, Thanyathip. Viet Kieu in Thailand in Thai-Vietnamese Relationship. Institute of Asia Study, Chulalongkhorn University, Thailand, 2005. English Thompson L. C. , A Vietnamese reference grammar, Mon-khmer Studies XII-XIV, edited by Stephen O’Harrow, University of Hawaii, 1984 -1985. Vietnamese Đoa n Thiê n Thuâ t. Ngư âm tiê ng Viê t. The third edition, Hanoi National University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2004. Hoa ng Thi Châu. Phương ngư ho c tiê ng Viê t. Hanoi National University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2004. Lê Quang Thiêm. Nghiên cư u đô i chiê u ca c ngôn ngư , Hanoi National University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2004. Nguyê n Văn Phư c. Ngư âm tiê ng Viê t thư c ha nh, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2004. Trâ n Tri Do i. Kha i qua t vê ngư âm tiê ng viê t, Cơ sơ tiê ng Viê t, Culture and information publishing, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2000. Vu Văn Thi. Mô t sô vâ n đê da y ngư âm va chư viê t tiê ng Vie t cho ngươ i nươ c ngoa i. Magazine of Langauge, number 2, Vietnam, 2004, 41 -48.

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