The Infinitive She wants to work at school

The Infinitive • She wants to work at school. • They must do it. • He hopes to get a promotion soon. The infinitives are: • the to-infinitive • The bare infinitive

The to-infinitive is used To express purpose She went to the bank to get some money. - After certain verbs: advise, agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seem, want, afford, pretend, etc. He wants to apply for the job. -

• After verbs such as know, decide, ask , learn, want to know, etc. • when they are followed by questions words ( who, what, where, how, etc. ) I can’t decide where to go. • After adjectives such as nice, sorry, glad, willing, afraid, ashamed, etc. He is glad to be back. • After too and enough She is too shy to talk to the boss.

• After it +be+ adjective (+of+ nounpronoun). It was nice of him to help. • After would likeloveprefer (specific preference). I would like to go there. • After only (unsatisfactory result) He went there only to discover that she was absent.

The bare infinitive is used: • After modals (may, should, can, must etc. ) You must study hard. • After the verbs let, make, see, hear, feel. But : He was made to pay for it. (passive) He made him pay for the damage. • After had better, would rather. I would rather go home.

Note: • Help is followed by to + inf. , or bare inf. She helped me to clean the house. • Two infinitives are joined by and the second infinitive can be omitted. She decided to go to the university and study biology. • Negative infinitive is formed with not. She may not come.

The ing form is used: • As a noun. Swimming keeps you fit. • After love, like, enjoy, dislike, hate, prefer to express general preference. She likes watching films. • After certain verbs: consider, avoid, deny, look forward to, confess to, fancy, involve, mention, risk, spend, mind, regret, admit, suggest, imagine, etc. She spent all day shopping.

• After go for activities. They go fishing at the weekends. • After: it’s no use, it’s (not) worth, it’s no good, be busy, what’s the use of. . /? , there is no point in, can’t help, can’t stand, beget used to, have difficulty ( in). It’s no use waiting for the bus. • After the verbs see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, notice ( an incomplete action) I heard Jack talking on the phone.

• But see, hear, watch, listen to, notice+ bare infinitive (a complete action) I heard Jack talk on the phone.

To-infinitive or the – ing form without change in meaning • Begin, start, continue • We never have two - ing forms together. They started talkingto talk. • Advise, allow, permit, recommend, encourage (to- inf. + an object, or in the passive form. ) • (the ing form+ no object) They don’t allow us to park there. They don’t allow parking there.

• Need requirewant + ing form Necessary to repair or improve smt. ( need can be followed by a passive infinitive. The flat needs decorating. The flat needs to be decorated.

The to – infinitive or the – ing form with a change in meaning. • Forget + to – infinitive = not remember I forgot to call you. Forget + ing form = not recall. I’ll never forget winning my first medal. • Remember + to – inf. = not forget Remember to call your mum. Remember + ing form = recall I remember seeing you here before.

• Go on + to – inf. = then He went on to offer us some drinks. • Go on + ing form = continue He went on talking for hours. • Mean + to – inf. = intend to She means to open her own shop. • Mean + ing form = involve Being a pilot means travelling a lot. • Regret + to – inf. = be sorry to I regret to inform you that he is in hospital.

• Regret + ing form = feel sorry about I regret making these mistakes. • Try + to – inf. = to do one’s best He tried to do this task better. • Try + ing form = do sth. as an experiment Try eating fruits. • Stop + to – inf. = stop briefly to do sth. else He stopped to buy a newspaper and then continued working.

• Stop + ing form = finish, give up He stopped smoking. • Be sorry + to – inf. = apologise for a present action I am sorry to interrupt but can I ask you a question? • Be sorry for + ing form = apologise for an earlier action I am sorry for shouting at you. • Be afraid + to – inf. ( the subject is unwilling to do sth. ) He is afraid to take the test.

• Be afraid of + ing form = ( the subject is afraid that sth. may happen) She doesn’t want to ride the horse. She is afraid of falling and hurting herself.

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive form or the – ing form. Dear Jessica, How are you? I’m busy 1)…(study) for my exam which is next week, but I’ve decided 2)…(take) a break and 3)…(write) you a letter. 4)…(read) so many notes and 5)…(learn) so many facts is making me very tired, I can’t wait 6)…(finish) my course! Then, I can start 7)…(look) for a good job. Sophie started her new job last month, 8)…(work) at the hospital suits her – she loves 9)…(look) after people. She hopes 10)…(stay) in this job for a couple of years and then she intends 11)…(try) for a promotion.

By the way, how are you getting on now that you are a manager? I forgot 12)…(congratulate) you when I saw you. Anyway, I’ve got to go now. Write soon and tell me your news, won’t you? Best wishes, Maggie

Dear Jessica, How are you? I’m busy 1)studying for my exam which is next week, but I’ve decided 2)to take a break and 3)write you a letter. 4)Reading so many notes and 5)learning so many facts is making me very tired, I can’t wait 6) to finish my course! Then, I can start 7)looking to look for a good job. Sophie started her new job last month, 8)working at the hospital suits her – she loves 9)looking after people. She hopes 10)to stay in this job for a couple of years and then she intends 11)to try for a promotion

By the way, how are you getting on now that you are a manager? I forgot 12)to congratulate you when I saw you. Anyway, I’ve got to go now. Write soon and tell me your news, won’t you? Best wishes, Maggie