The Industrial Revolution Section 1 The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

The Industrial Revolution Section 1 A New Kind of Revolution Preview • Starting Points Map: Resources of Great Britain • Main Idea / Reading Focus • A Revolution in Great Britain • A Revolution in Textiles • Steam Powers the Revolution • Faces of History: James Watt • Industrialization Spreads

The Industrial Revolution Click the icon to play Listen to History audio. Click the icon below to connect to the Interactive Maps. Section 1

The Industrial Revolution Section 1 A New Kind of Revolution Main Idea In the 1700 s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries. Reading Focus • Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? • How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production of textiles? • How did steam power the Industrial Revolution? • Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?

The Industrial Revolution Section 1 A Revolution in Great Britain During the 1700 s changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution. Factors for Success • Exploration and colonialism • Seapower • Political stability • Government support • Growth of private investment Agricultural Factors • Research and development on farms • Jethro Tull, seed drill • Improved livestock breeding • Better varieties of food crops – Increased food supply – Population grew • Enclosure movement

The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Britain’s Big Advantage The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. • Had essential elements for economic success • Factors of production – Land – Labor – Capital

The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Find the Main Idea Why was Great Britain in the 1700 s ideally suited to be the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution? Answer(s): Colonies around the world supplied raw materials; powerful navy and merchant fleet facilitated trade; waterways provided power and transportation; enclosure movement led to large labor supply; private investors provided funds for investment; coal and iron deposits provided needed resources

Section 1 The Industrial Revolution A Revolution in Textiles Textile Industry • • Beginning of Industrial Revolution Weaving was a cottage industry Labor performed at home Industrialization transformed this New Way of Making Cloth-making in Factories • Fabric made of wool or cotton • Supply of fibers increased in the 1700 s • Slave labor in America • Invention of cotton gin • Invention of spinning jenny • Invention of flying shuttle • Cottages too small • Factory invented • Power for factories? • Water frame for water power • Output increased 8 x by 1770

The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Identify Problem and Solution How did machines solve problems that weavers faced? Answer(s): spinning jenny and spinning frame spun thread into yarn, "flying shuttle" and power loom made weaving faster

Section 1 The Industrial Revolution Steam Powers the Revolution Development of Steam Engine • First successful steam engine in 1712 Coal for Steam Engines • Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel • Wood scarce • Innovations by James Watt • Coal mining industry • Steam power versus water power • Changing landscapes • Steam locomotives • Steamships • Robert Fulton • Dangers of mining

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Make Generalizations What impact did the steam engine have on the growth of British industry? Answer(s): major impact; used in textile mills, factories could be located away from rivers, powered locomotives and ships, led to development of coal as a resource, more factories built near northern coal mines

Section 1 The Industrial Revolution Industrialization Spreads Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800 s. What was it about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry? Why Western Countries? • Political liberty • Freedom to compete America Europe • British restrictions • Belgium, 1807 • Hamilton, 1791 • France, 1815 • Samuel Slater • Germany, 1850 • Rewards reaped – Water frame – Railroads • Exploitation and improvements – Slater’s Mill – Treaties • Lowell’s Mill

The Industrial Revolution Industry in Asia Eventually, industry spread to Asia. • Japan first in 1868 • Meiji government • The 1900 s—industrialization for – China – India – Russia Section 1

The Industrial Revolution Section 1 Compare and Contrast How did industrialization in Britain compare to the process in America and Europe? Answer(s): Britain industrialized first, America and Europe benefited from earlier inventions; Lowell factory in Massachusetts was first all-in-one mill; political issues delayed industrial development in continental Europe