The Industrial Revolution Britain Begins Industrialization Why was

The Industrial Revolution: Britain Begins Industrialization Why was Britain the first country to industrialize?

Agricultural Revolution in Britain (1700) The Agricultural Revolution helps start the Industrial Revolution Most citizens in Britain live & work on small farms in the countryside Enclosure Movement begins when wealthy landowners buy small farms, combine them & enclose them with fences or hedges The large farms begin to experiment with new ways to create larger/more crops 1. 1701: Jethro Tull invents the seed drill Plants seeds in well spaced rows at a specific depth in the ground – less labor Crops are bigger with larger yields 2. Charles “Turnip” Townshend begins crop rotation Crop rotation allows you to grow different crops on the same field

3. Farmers practice selective breeding of animals – bigger sheep! As food supply increases so does population British need Labor (1750) Britain producing more goods (esp. textiles) Ex-farmers move to cities to find work in textile mills (factories) British Industrialize First (1750 -1830) To industrialize, a country must have factors of production, which are land, labor, and capital (wealth/money), British had other factors: 1) Resources: Water power/coal to fuel the new machines & iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings 2) Stable Government plus many colonies & powerful Navy 3) Transportation: Rivers to transport goods throughout Britain & natural harbors that allow merchants to sail to and from the island 4) Entrepreneurs: Great banking system allows Entrepreneurs to invest money in the new technology

5. Inventions & Improvements (1760 -1830) Textile Industry had many inventions that made the process quicker & easier A) Spinning Mule B) Power Loom Transportation improvements helps move of goods throughout Britain D) Steam Locomotive C) Watt’s Steam Engine E) Liverpool. Manchester railroad

Warm-up 13 -2 Find answers on page 285 1. 2. 3. 4. How did the flying shuttle improve the textile industry? Why did the demand for cloth increase? What did Britain need to make cloth and where did that material come from? When was the only period after 1830 in which British cotton consumption didn’t rise? Why do you think this may have happened? Where else could the British have gone to get cotton?