The Industrial Revolution 1700 1800 What is the

The Industrial Revolution 1700 -1800

What is the Industrial Revolution? �A great increase in output of machine-made goods during the 18 th century. �Transformed the political and diplomatic landscape of Europe. �Before largely dominated rural and handcrafted economy �Revolution=technology changes, social changes, new organization of human labor

Agriculture Revolution � 1700 first change in farming methods (England) � Open field growth changed to enclosed fields �Crop Rotation �Stock Breading �Small farms bought up by wealthy landowners �Food supply increase, living conditions improve, population increase

Why did the Industrial Revolution first take hold in Britain? �No civil strife or invading of armies (French Revolution) �Relatively good and stable government � Had factors of production (land, labor, capital) �Presence of a large middle class � People invested and drove to be better �No trade taxes like continental Europe �Rich in natural resources needed for industrialization (water, coal, iron ore, rivers, harbors for ships)

Technology changes since 1700 �Modern cotton industry � Before 4 to 5 spinners needed to keep up with one cotton loom

� With invention of new machine to spin, the revolution took off � Inventors: John Kay (flying shuttle, James Hagreaves (Spinning Jenny), Eli Whitney (Cotton wheel) � Large machines required a factory to put them in

Cotton Gin

Technology changes since 1700 Continued �Steam Engine �Transportation � Water, iron, coal become energy sources � Railroad= expanded market for factories, cheap way to transport, new jobs created, boost agriculture industry �Automobile in U. S.

�Communication � Alexander Graham Bell-Telephone � Radio

Working Conditions in Factories �Goal: keep things running � 14 hrs. / day, 6 day / week �Dangerous working environments �Women and children made up over half of the labor force

Changes in Social Patterns �City growth=shift towards cities because of factories �Living condition bad=no sanitary codes, no building codes, lack adequate housing, education, protection. �New class created=working class � All men and women in mills and factories �Class tensions due to living conditions: middle class (professional workers live good)

England vs. Continental Europe and U. S. � England � 1860 produce 20% of industrial goods � Population increase 9 to 21 million � Took inventions to Europe � No wars going on � Highly developed transportation system � France / Continental Europe � Gap in production due to Napoleon Wars � Much larger and fewer rivers for navigation � Need and want to adopt “Britain’s Miracle” � Belgium has high contents of iron and coal � Germany builds railroads

England vs. Continental Europe and U. S. �United States � Same resources as England � Wanted fast ways to do things � Moses Brown—created first factories � Textile first—clothing production � 1865 end of civil war—boom of industry in northeast �Boost in inventions—telephone, light bulb, railroad

World Impact �Wide gap between industrialized and non- industrialized countries �Imperialism develops=policy of extending one countries rule over many lands � Aggressive pursuit of foreign colonies for economic purposes � Settlement rather than exploration � Successful wars and foreign conquest �Western world break off from the rest of the world

***Factories, steam engines, railroads, children working, women working…. . these were the biggest things to come out of the Industrial Revolution