The Importance of Permanent IDs PIDs from a

The Importance of Permanent IDs PIDs from a Publishers’ Perspective DOI’s, ORCIDs, Fund Ref and the Data Era Eefke Smit STM Director Standards and Technology Geneva, 17 October 2013

You say PID, I say DOI…. http: //doi. org/10. 7484/INSPIREHEP. DATA. A 78 C. HK 44 http: //doi. org/10. 7484/INSPIREHEP. DATA. RF 5 P. 6 M 3 K http: //doi. org/10. 7484/INSPIREHEP. DATA. 26 B 4. TY 5 F

And here is another DOI…. . …now from the related article in Phys. Letters B, out of approx 80 mln DOIs…. . DOI: 10. 1016/j. physletb. 2013. 08. 010

The article is here, where are the data? Some high level data are embedded in the article, full background data to appear under a link

“Hell is a place where nothing connects to nothing” T. S. Eliott in his introduction to Dante’s Inferno. He added: “We are in the business of finding connections--within texts, between texts and contexts, between texts and ourselves, between our readings and …etc” And this was well before the invention of the WWW

Publishers realized very early the importance of an infrastructure for PID’s • Already in 1996, Publishers started working on DOIs And Crossref was formed in 1998: http: //crossref. org/Cross. Ref. Animation. html • • At present, after 15 years, Crossref registered some 84 mln DOIs for academic and STM publications It is an infrastructure to ensure links that last. And this was just the beginning……. . • In 2009 Data. Cite is established, publishers were quick to support it • The ORCID initiative followed in 2010/ 2011 and was established as an organisation in 2012 • Assembling Publishers, Funders, Research Communities, Academic Institutions and most of all: • Identifying individual researchers and contributors • In 2013 followed by a Funders Tracking service: Fund. Ref, a registry for international funders. To identify Funders of Research, connected to articles, to identify related funders and the funded projects.

A Dog on the Web; who knows? It is a matter of creating trust on the web This cartoon is from 1993 in The New Yorker, in the very early days of the web. 20 years later, with a much busier web, it is even more important to know whom you are dealing with on the web. The above cartoon by Peter Steiner has been reproduced from page 61 of July 5, 1993 issue of The New Yorker, (Vol. 69 (LXIX) no. 20)only for academic discussion, evaluation, research and complies with the copyright law of the United States as defined and stipulated under Title 17 U. S. Code.

Why are PIDs so important Because the aim of Publishing is – Validation – Certification – Accreditation – Longevity In order to establish a sound and solid foundation and infrastructure for the Records of Science.

Many stakeholders in the academic world apply the same thinking Crossref system for DOIs is used by more than 4000 organisations, not just publishers • Some examples: • - CERN assigned DOIs on the Higgs Boson data Harvard’s Dataverse network uses DOIs Data. Cite is based on DOI registration Data. Cite content negotiation (in cooperation with Cross. Ref) http: //datacite. org http: //crosscite. org/cn • DOI Citation Formatter http: //www. crosscite. org/citeproc/ • Interoperability initiatives (syntactical, semantical and community interoperability), see also APARSEN • Do not reinvent the wheel. . . •

The Data Publication Pyramid (2) Further data explanations in any kind of supplementary files to articles (4) Data publications, describing available datasets Publications with data Processed Data and Data Representations Data Collections and (1) Data contained and explained within the article (3) Data referenced from the article and held in data centers and repositories Structured Databases Raw Data and Data Sets (5) Data in drawers and on disks at the institute

Data-linking based on tagged entities Example EMBO journal linking to Genbank

Elsevier offers data-viewers from within the article, to data stored elsewhere: 12

Application-based linking with Protein DB • 60+ journals • Biology, biochemistry, neuroscience, food research, etc. • In collaboration with Protein Data Bank • • • Explore protein structures relevant to the article – zoom, rotate, change display settings, etc. 3 D structure data integrated from Protein Data Bank Unique protein codes provided by the authors http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1016/j. jmb. 2010. 05. 030

Datarepositories and Journals

Data Journals

Questions ? Eefke Smit smit@stm-assoc. org